LAMINATE COMPOSITE

DEFINITION

 A laminar composite is composed of two-dimensional sheets/more or panels that have a preferred high-
strength direction. Laminations may also be constructed using fabric material such as cotton, paper, or
woven glass fibers embedded in a plastic matrix. Thus a laminar composite has relatively high strength in a
number of directions in the two-dimensional plane; however, the strength in any given direction is, of
course, lower than it would be if all the fibers were oriented in that direction.
 CLASSIFICATION

CONTINUOUS WOVEN MAT HYBRID

FIBER FIBER FIBER FIBER
 CONTINUOUS FIBER

 As the name implies, uni, meaning one, all of the fibers are oriented in the same
direction. This gives uni-directional (UD) fabric some high strength benefits. UD
fabric is not woven, there aren’t any interlacing fibers with crimping that can weaken the
structure. Rather, there are continuous fibers that increase the strength and stiffness.
Another benefit is the ability to tailor the layup with better control for performance
characteristics
 WOVEN FIBER

 Carbon fiber typically comes in the form of a woven fabric, which makes it easier to work with and can give
additional structural strength depending on the application. The short space between interlaces give the plain
weave a high level of stability. Fabrics stability is the ability for a fabric to maintain its weave angle and fiber
orientation. Due to this high level of stability, plain is not well suited for layups with complex contours, it
will not be as pliable as some of the other weaves. Generally, plain weave fabrics are suited for flat sheets,
tubes and 2D curves. Twill has good pliability and can form to complex contours, and it is better at
maintaining its fabric stability
 MAT FIBER
 The fibers are typically three to four inches in length and are randomly oriented. Chopped strand mat is not a
very strong material because of the short fiber length. However, it is isotropic. This means that it is equally
strong in all directions (mat and fillers are the only composite reinforcements exhibiting this trait). Mat is the
least expensive reinforcement form and is thus the most widely used. It is suitable for molds and part
production. The random orientation effectively hides fabric print through of gel coats and makes molds which
are equally stiff in all directions. It should be noted that chopped strand mat is only compatible with polyester
resin.
HYBRID LAMINATE
 Layers of different materials may be used, resulting in a hybrid laminate.
 Hybrid composite laminates offer a wide range of mechanical properties and low-cost solutions to
structures, and the basic idea behind the hybridization is to employ the distinctive properties of different
materials in the best possible way
 Hybrid composite laminates were manufactured using varying ratio of glass
woven fabric and carbon woven fabric in an epoxy matrix. Static tests including tension, compression
and three-point-bending were carried out to composite coupons containing various ratios of carbon
fibres to glass fibres. The results show that hybrid composite laminates with 50% carbon fibre reinforcement
provide the best flexural properties when the carbon layers are at the exterior, while the alternating
carbon/glass lay-up provides the highest compressive strength. The tensile strength is insensitive to
the
stacking sequence.
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