Verbal and

of Communication
Nonverbal
Elements
“Language is the
core of verbal
communication. It
is a collection of
signs, symbols,
codes, and rules
which are used to
construct and
 “Language is
a productive
system capable
of
displacement
and composed
Displace means that
Permits
ment us to discuss
language
topics that cut
across time and
space, reality and
fantasy.
Rapid means that
Messages
Falling must be
verbal
received immediately
“arbitrary,
culturally
transmitted
symbols.”
“culturally
transmitted
symbols.”
The Communi
symbols cation
used to is a
create process
languag of
e are exchang
The Communi
symbols cation
used to is a
create process
languag of
e are exchang
Meanings are
accomplished
when we
interpret
Denot Conot
ative ative
Rhetor is the art of
speaking
ic
Socrates believed
effectively.
that the true art
of rhetoric has
 Socrates
Rhetor believed that
The the
subject musttrue
be art
iclogically analyzed until its
defined of
and
rhetoric has
proper nature is understood.
five
characteristics.
Rhetor five
characteristi
ic
The subject
must be
The speaker
cs
must
The speaker
should adapt
analyse his
defined and the
logically audience.
1
2
organization
analyzed until 3 of his
The speaker
The speaker
its proper speech to
should help
should speak
nature is 4 his
the audience
only of what
understood. 5 listeners.
recall what
he believes
 People

Spee
accommodat
e or
Accomoda adjust
ch
Theor
tion
by Howard Giles
their
speech in
y order to
gain
approval,
 Convergent

Spee
Accomoda
Accommodation
This
happens
ch
Theor
tion
by Howard Giles
when a
speaker

y modifies
his or her
speech to
resemble
 Divergent

Spee
Accomoda
Accommodation
This
happens
ch
Theor
tion
by Howard Giles
when a
speaker

y modifies
his or her
speech to
differ
Speech Act
Theory
Speech Act
InTheory
order to
understand what
the speaker
Speech Act
InTheory
order to
understand what
the speaker
 Nonverbal

communicati
Affective Cognitive
Refers to beliefs about Cognitive
what is or is not related to
the object of
communication.

Verbal code is more

effective for this
dimension.
 Affective
Expression of emotions
such as anger, love, fear,
happiness, and disgust.

Attitude, like and dislike,

confidence, anxiousness,
or depression.

These feelings are better expressed nonverbally.

 Nonverbal
behavior provides
clues to detecting
attitudes, traits, and
deception.
The meaning of a message is
dependent on its context.
 Rein
Sen and forc
uncomfor verbal
din modify
messages ing
message
table
g ing
s
For 6 Functions Influ
impr
min
that
of nonverbal encin
essi g
g
comm
guid
ons
behavior peopl
euni- maki Regule
cati ating
relation
ng
on inter
ships
actio
Kinesics
Vocalics
Eye Contact & Facial Expression

Physical Appearance
Proxemics
Tactilics or Haptics
Chronemics
Kinesics The study of
bodily movements
Paul Ekman and
Wallace Friesen (1969)

Emblems Regulator
Illustrators Adaptor
Affect Posture
 Eye Contact & Howpeople
and how much we look at the
with whom we are
Facial Expression communicating

Meaning stipulated by the

Vocalics sound of voice

Physical Our appearance is our

message code
Appearance
 How people use space to
Proxemics communicate

Tactilics or Communicating by touching or

putting part of the body in contact
Haptics with something

The use of time in

Chronemics communication