GOOD

AFTERNOON
HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
HIV INFECTION AND AIDS

Presented by
A. Suma Madhuri
3rd BDS
 AIDS

• Definition:
Collection of symptoms due to underlying infections and
malignancies resulting from specific damage to immune system
Causative agent : Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Acquired (not born with) Transmitted from person to person
• Immune (body’s defense system) It affects the body’s immune system,the part of
the body which usually works to fight off germs
such as bacteria and viruses

• Deficiency (not woking properly) Malfunctioning of the body’s immune system

• Syndrome (a group of signs and symptoms)

Someone with AIDSmay experience a wide
range of different diseases
 HIV

• Human – host
• Immunodeficiency- damage
immune system
• Virus – retrovirus
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
CLINICAL FEATURES:

AIDS is only the last stage in the wide spectrum of clinical

features in HIV infection
CDC-classified into
1.AcuteHIVinfection
2.Asymptomatic or latent infection
3.Persistent generalized Lymphadenopathy
4.AIDS related complex
5.Full blown AIDS (last stage)
 STAGES OF HIV INFECTION

1. Acute primary infection or seroconversion: Neurological manifestations :

• Asymptomatic Headache
Photophobia
• Self limiting non specific illness characterized by: Myopathy
- fever Neuropathy
Encephalopathy
- arthralgia Laboratory findings:
- myalgia Lymphocytopenia
Depleted CD4 count
- Lymphadenopathy No antibodies against HIV infection
- Sore throat
- Erythematous maculopapular rash
2. Asymptomatic infection or clinical latency:
But infection due to continued replication of virus
Decreased CD4 Count
3. Persistent generalized Lymphadenopathy:
•Enlarged lymph nodes at the extrainguinal sites(>3months)
4.Oppurtunistic infections:
• Bacterial:
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
• Viral:
•Kaposi Sarcoma
•Herpes
•Infuenza
• Fungal:
• candida
•streptococcus
• Parasitic:
•pneumocystis
WINDOW PERIOD
• This is the period between initial HIV infection and development of a measurable
immunological (antibody) response to the infection.
• 90% of cases are test positive within three months of exposure.
• 10% of cases are test positive within three to six months of exposure .
• Varies from person to person.
HIV INFECTION AND ANTIBODY RESPONSE
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIAGNOSIS
• ELISA
-Screening test to detect infection
• Western blot
- technique sensitive
- interpret accurately
- confirms the results of two positive ELISA TESTS
• Indirect fluorescent test
• Polymerase chain reaction