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Magnetism – Lecture 6
Capacitance
Dale E. Gary
Wenda Cao
NJIT Physics Department
What is Capacitance?
From the word “capacity,” it
describes how much charge an DV=1.5 V
arrangement of conductors _
can hold for a given voltage +
applied.
+electrons
charges
Charges will flow until the right
conductor’s potential is the
same as the + side of the +
battery, and the left
conductor’s potential is the 1.5 V
“Charging” battery
same as the – side of the
battery. the capacitor
_
How much charge is needed to
produce an electric field whose +electrons
charges
potential difference is 1.5 V?
Depends on capacitance: q CV definition of capacitance
A. The charge stays on the plates indefinitely, and the voltage stays
constant at 20 V.
B. The charge leaks out the bottom quickly, and the voltage goes to 0
V.
C. The charge jumps quickly across the air gap, and the voltage goes
to 0 V.
D. The charge stays on the plates, but the voltage drops to 0 V.
E. The charge instantly disappears, but the voltage stays constant at
20 V.
Need to find potential difference V V+ V E ds
Since E~1/r2, we have q a dr q 1 1 , so the capacitance is
V
4 0 r
b 2
4 0 a b C q / V 4 0
ab
ba
October 10, 2007
Capacitance Summary
0 A
Parallel Plate Capacitor C
d
L
Cylindrical (nested cylinder) Capacitor C 2 0
ln(b / a )
ab
Spherical (nested sphere) Capacitor C 4 0
ba
Capacitance for isolated Sphere C 4 0 R
3C
and
V
C C C
n
C
3C
C
C
Charge on lower plate of one
and upper plate of next are
equal and opposite. (show by
gaussian surface around the two
plates). n
1 1
Capacitors in series: C C
Total charge is q, but voltage on
each is only V/3.
eq j 1 j
q q q
V V1 + V2 + V3 + +
C1 C2 C3
Since V/q = 1/Ceq, we have
V 1 1 1 1
+ +
q Ceq C1 C2 C3
C1 C2 1 2
C1 C2 C12
parallel
V V series V C123
C3 C3
C12 C1 + C2 1 1 1 C12C3
+ C123
C123 C12 C3 C12 + C3
parallel
C23 C2 + C3
Complete solution
CC
C1 + 4 5 + C6 (C2 + C3 )
C 4 + C5
C123456
CC
C1 + 4 5 + C6 + C2 + C3
C4 + C5
I II
C1
C1
A. I, II, III V V
C2
C3
B. I, III
C. II, IV C1
D. III, IV
III IV
E. None C3 V
C1 C2
C2 C3
V
0 A 2
U 12 CV 2 V
2d
The volume of space filled by the electric field in the
capacitor is vol = Ad, so the energy density is
2
U A V
u 0 V 2 12 0
vol 2dAd d
But V E ds Ed for a parallel plate capacitor,
so
u 12 0 E 2 Energy stored in electric field
U 12 CV 2 u 12 0 E 2
q CV q
V
C
q kCV q
V
kC
k A q2 1 k C
q CV C 0 U 2 CV 2
d 2C