PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION ON WIND TURBINE GENERATOR

BASED POWER CONSUMPTION

Presented by
ALLEN G THOMAS
GOKUL SHARMA
JEBIN TOMY
 ABSTRACT
All renewable energy (except tidal and geothermal power), ultimately comes from the sun.
The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour) from the sun. About one or 2 percent
of this energy is converted to wind energy (which is about 50-100 times more than the energy
converted to biomass by all plants on earth. Differential heating of the earth’s surface and
atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal air currents that are affected by the earth’s
rotation and contours of the land. Among the different renewable energy sources, wind energy
is currently making a significant contribution to power generation, and is emerging as a
competitive option. In this project, operational experience of site-specific data of different
wind farms located at Muppandal region (Southern part of India) were collected and
interpreted in detail. It is a fact that wind energy production shows a wide range of variation
due to climatic and technical factors. The stoppage time of the Wind Turbine Generators
(WTGs) reduced the real availability for approximately 20%. So it is essential to conduct a
performance, failure and reliability interpretation on the wind farms for further improvement.
 INTRODUCTION
All renewable energy (except tidal and geothermal power), ultimately comes from the
sun.
The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour) from the sun.
About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted to wind energy (which is about 50-
100 times more than the energy converted to biomass by all plants on earth.
Differential heating of the earth’s surface and atmosphere induces vertical and
horizontal air currents that are affected by the earth’s rotation and contours of the land
WIND.
 WIND ENERGY

• Winds are influenced by the ground surface at altitudes up to 100 meters.

• Wind is slowed by the surface roughness and obstacles.
• When dealing with wind energy, we are concerned with surface winds.
• A wind turbine obtains its power input by converting the force of the wind into a
torque (turning force) acting on the rotor blades.
• The amount of energy which the wind transfers to the rotor depends on the density
of the air, the rotor area, and the wind speed.
• The kinetic energy of a moving body is proportional to its mass (or weight). The
kinetic energy in the wind thus depends on the density of the air, i.e. its mass per
unit of volume. In other words, the "heavier" the air, the more energy is received by
the turbine.
• At 15° Celsius air weighs about 1.225 kg per cubic meter, but the density decreases
slightly with increasing humidity.
Top Wind Power Producers
in TWh
State wise installed capacity of
WTGs in India
Sl. No State Gross Potential (MW) Total Capacity in MW

1 Tamil Nadu 5530 5904.4

2 Maharashtra 4584 2310.7
3 Gujarat 10,645 2175.6
4 Karnataka 11,531 1730.1
5 Rajasthan 4858 1524.7
6 Madhya Pradesh 1019 275.5
7 Andhra Pradesh 8968 200.2
8 Kerala 1171 32.8
9 Orissa 255 2
10 West Bengal - 1.1
11 Others - 4
Total 48,561 14,158
 Literature survey
1) Performance, reliability and failure analysis of wind farm in a developing Country
• Renewable Energy, Volume 35, Issue 12, December 2010, Pages 2739 - 2751
G.M. Joselin Herbert, S. Iniyan, Ranko Goic

• In this paper, an analysis of the performance, failure and reliability, as well as a spare parts analysis has
been conducted for a wind farm, which has 15 wind turbine generators (WTGs), each of 225 kW capacities. This
wind farm is located at Muppandal, Tamil Nadu, and South India. The average value of performance parameters
such as technical availability, real availability and capacity factor for the wind farm were 94%, 82.88% and
24.9% respectively during the years 2000e2004. This paper also deals with Pareto analysis to find out the
reduction in problems, when one problem is tackled partly and completely. The Weibull technique was also used
for the reliability analysis. The reliability factor in the initial period after one year seems to be good as the wind
farm has a lower failure rate of 0.000019. As a supplemental activity, spare parts optimization was also carried
out for a few vital components of this wind farm and the results are presented. The failure and its financial
implications are also analyzed in this paper.
2) A review of wind energy technologies
• Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 11, Issue 6, August 2007, Pages 1117 – 1145

• G.M. Joselin Herbert, S. Iniyan, E. Sreevalsanand, S. Rajapandian

• Energy is an essential ingredient of socio-economic development and economic growth. Renewable energy sources like
wind energy is indigenous and can help in reducing the dependency on fossil fuels. Wind is the indirect form of solar energy and is
always being replenished by the sun. Wind is caused by the differential heating of the earth’s surface by the sun. It has been
estimated that roughly 10 million MW of energy are continuously available in the earth’s wind. Wind energy provides a variable
and environmental friendly option and national energy security at a time when decreasing global reserves of fossil fuels threatens
the long-term sustainability of global economy. This paper reviews the wind resource assessment models, site selection models and
aerodynamic models including wake effect. The different existing performance and reliability evaluation models, various problems
related to wind turbine components (blade, gearbox, generator and transformer) and grid for wind energy system have been
discussed. This paper also reviews different techniques and loads for design, control systems and economics of wind energy
conversion system.
3) Effect of some design parameters on the performance of a Giromill vertical axis wind turbine
• Ain Shams Engineering Journal, Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2010, Pages 85 -95
M. El-Samanoudy, A.A.E. Ghorab, Sh.Z. Youssef

• This paper describes the effect of some design parameters on the performance of a Giromill vertical axis
wind turbine. A Giromill wind turbine has been designed, manufactured and tested. The turbine performance has
been investigated with varying the design parameters such as, pitch angle, number of blades, airfoil type, turbine
radius and its chord length. Then, the results were used for the comparison between the performances achieved
while changing the design parameters. Vast number of experiments has been performed with changing the above
mentioned parameters. The effect of each parameter on the power coefficient and torque coefficient has been
studied and explanation of the results was also discussed. It has been found that the pitch angle, turbine radius
and chord length have a significant effect on turbine power coefficient.
 LARGE TURBINES
• Able to deliver electricity at lower cost than smaller turbines, because foundation
costs, planning costs, etc. are independent of size.

• Well-suited for offshore wind plants.

• In areas where it is difficult to find sites, one large turbine on a tall tower uses the
wind extremely efficiently.
 SMALL TURBINES

• Local electrical grids may not be able to handle the large electrical output from a
large turbine, so smaller turbines may be more suitable.
• High costs for foundations for large turbines may not be economical in some areas.
• Landscape considerations.
SMALL GENERATORS:
Require less force to turn than a larger ones, but give much lower power output.
Less efficient
i.e.. If you fit a large wind turbine rotor with a small generator it will be producing
electricity during many hours of the year, but it will capture only a small part of the
energy content of the wind at high wind speeds.

LARGE GENERATORS:
Very efficient at high wind speeds, but unable to turn at low wind speeds.
i.e.. If the generator has larger coils, and/or a stronger internal magnet, it will
require more force (mechanical) to start in motion.
 Optimization Opportunities

• Site selection
• Altitude, wind strength, constancy, grid access, …
• Turbine selection
• Design (HAWTs vs VAWTs), vendor, size, quantity,
• Turbine Height
• Greater precision for local conditions
• Local topography (hills, ridges, …)
• Turbulence caused by other turbines
• Prevailing wind strengths, direction, variance
• Ground stability (support massive turbines)
• Grid upgrades: extensions, surge capacity, …
• Non-power constraints/preferences
• Environmental (birds, aesthetics, power lines, …)
• Cause radar clutter (e.g. near airports, air bases)
 Site selection

• DALMIA WIND FARM

Aralvaimozhi, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
 DATA COLLECTION

• This is the initial and the most important stage of our project which
includes the collection of the data regarding the performance and failure.
We collected details for several WTGs. The classification of these wind
turbines can be based on their makes. Mainly we concentrate on three
makes. Make ‘1’ includes 9 WTGs each of 225 kW capacities, 10 WTGs
each of 250 kW capacities and 10 number of 400 kW capacity WTGs. Make
‘2’ comprises of 7 number of 750 kW WTGs and 10 number of 1650 kW
WTGs. 8 number of 250 kW WTGs are included in Make ‘3’ category.
 Parameter Consider
• Diameter
• Area of swept circle
• Speed
• Number of blades
 Parameter Levels
Sl.N Type WTG Diameter Area of swept Speed Number
o. capacity (m) circle (rev/min) of blades
(KW) (m²)

1. M1 225 29.8 697.46 37.5 3

2. M1 250 28 600 45 3
3. M1 400 31 754.8 30.5 3
4. M2 750 48.2 1824 20 3
5. M2 1650 82 5281 16 3
6. M3 250 28.5 638 46 3
 Taguchi method
 Traditional methods are very complicated and difficult to use.
 Additionally, these methods also require a large number of analysis data's when the
number of process parameters increases. In order to minimize the number of tests
required.
 Taguchi experimental design method, a powerful tool for designing high-quality
system, was developed by Taguchi..
 Taguchi recommends analysing the mean response for each run in the array, and he
also suggests to analyse variation using an appropriately chosen signal-to-noise ratio
(S/N).
• In our project we go for maximum power
production. So we will utilize larger is better.

• S/N = -10 *log(Σ(1/Y2)/n)

THANK YOU