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Marilou Letrero, RN, MMHA

Diana Marie De Guzman, RN


GOALS:
To enhance the Hospital capacity for prompt and
effective attendance to the largest possible number of
people receiving medical and health care in a health
emergency or disaster ultimately reducing mortality,
morbidity and disability and promoting their recovery.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To provide policy for effective response for both internal and
external disaster situation that will affect the operation of the
hospital and its staff, patient and the community.
2. To identify the hospitals capability to handle mass casualty.
3. To identify responsibilities of individuals and departments in a
disaster situation.
4. To identify standard operating procedures guidelines for
emergency activities and response.
5. To document best practices and lessons learned during
simulation exercises emergencies and disasters.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
1. Hazard - Any potential threat to public safety and/or
public health
2. Vulnerability - Factors which increase the risks arising
from a specific hazard in a specific community (risk
modifiers)
3. Risks - Anticipated consequences of a specific hazard
interacting with a specific community (at a specific
time)
4. Emergency - Any actual threat to public safety and/or
public health
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
6. Disaster - Any actual threat to public safety and/or public health
where local government and the emergency services are unable to
meet the immediate needs of the community
7. Capacities - An assessment of ability to manage to an emergency (a
risk modifier) – total capacity is measured as readiness
8. Community - is people, property, services, livelihoods and
environment i.e. the elements exposed to hazards
9. Preparedness - is a measure to build capacities to respond to, and
recover from emergencies
10.Safe Hospital - is a hospital that will not collapse in disasters, can
continue to function health facilities and services, and is organized
with contingency plans and workforce
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
11.External disaster - are emergency situations occurring
outside the hospital, in the community or within its
catchments area necessitating the activation of the
hospital. In such events upon verification and considering
the magnitude of the emergency the hospital decides when
to send responding teams to the site and / or prepare itself
to receive patient / victims coming from the disaster site
brought in by paramedic and / or responding groups.
12.Internal disasters - are situations wherein the hospital
itself is affected by the emergency. (Examples: fire,
earthquake, etc)
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
THE IN-HOSPITAL RESPONSE TEAM
The In-Hospital Response Team provides immediate emergency
medical assistance to victims brought to the hospital for proper
definitive medical care. It is composed of the following members:
 Hospital Emergency Management Coordinator (Chief of Hospital,
HEMS Coordinator, Officer of the Day)
 Assistant Hospital Emergency Management Coordinator (assists
the Coordinator or acts as Coordinator in the absence of the
Coordinator)
 Hospital Triage Officer (Surgical Resident on Duty preferably the
Team Leader)
 All hospital personnel on duty
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS:
1. Initiate the activation of the emergency plans that will authorize
respective members of the disaster team of their duties and
responsibilities.
2. Provides immediate emergency medical assistance to victims brought to
the hospital for proper medical care.
3. Classify victims and retag them as need be based on degree on injury
and need for immediate medical care. Identify who will be
accommodated to the hospital based on its capability and number of
operating rooms and who should be transferred to a higher level
hospital.
4. Coordinate with the DOH OPCEN for reports and for possible transfer of
some patients;
5. Make available number of beds with expected number of victims. The
beds to be freed are those of elective patient who can be discharged
without threat to their safety and final recovery. All elective admissions
and operations can be postponed. In some cases, not so emergency
cases can be transferred to nearby hospital with proper coordination.
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS:
6. Ensure that emergency drugs, supplies, necessary
equipment are at their disposal and are available.
7. Coordinate with the administrative officer, property
officer, pharmacist etc… to inform them of the
expected influx of patients; likewise anticipate type of
expected patients so that necessary medicines and
supplies are made available.
8. Anticipate manpower needs and shifting including
nurses and other support staff
9. Assign someone to answer queries of relatives and of
the press;
10.Administer appropriate patient care
THE ON-SCENE RESPONSE TEAM

The On-Scene Response Team is a small group


of specially qualified physicians and other
hospital personnel who shall rush to the scene
of the disaster as soon as ordered by the
hospital’s Emergency Management
Coordinator or his assistant or designate. It
provides quick and immediate medical
assistance to disaster victims
COMPOSITION OF ON-SCENE RESPONSE TEAM

1. An On-Scene Response Officer or Team


Leader
2. Surgical Resident
3. Internal Medicine Resident
4. Nurses
5. Aide or Helper
6. Driver
7. Others (depend on the situation)
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS

The on-scene response team shall rush to the


disaster scene to attend to the medical
emergency needs of victims and patients on-
site and to make proper arrangements for
their transport to the hospital for proper
medical attention.
HAZARD ANALYSIS
SEVERIT FREQUE DURATIO MANAGE
HAZARD EXTENT TOTAL
Y NCY N ABILITY
(A=B=C=
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
D)-E
Earthquake 2 1 1 1 2 3
Flood/typhoon 2 2 1 1 2 4
Biological
Dengue 3 3 3 2 3 8
Infectious
2 1 1 1 2 3
Disease
Technological
Fire 2 1 1 1 1 4
Transport
1 1 1 1 1 3
incident
Societal
Gang War 1 1 1 1 1 3
HOSPITAL SERVICES AREA
HAZARD VULNERABLE HOSPITAL AREAS

Fire All areas of the hospital


Earthquake All area of the hospital
Disease Outbreak All clinical areas
Flood/ Typhoon Ground floor
Mass Action OPD, E.R, School (PLP), Multi-Purpose Hall
Food Poisoning Canteen, Dietary
HOSPITAL RESPONSE PLAN
1. Activation of Code Alert System
2. Activation of the Plan
3. Activation of the HEICS
4. Activation of Operation Center
5. Implementation of the RESPONSE Standard Operating
Procedures/Protocols for Internal and External Emergencies
6. Implementation of existing hospital Standard Operating
Procedures
7. Initiation and Maintenance of Coordination and networking for
referrals of cases
HOSPITAL RESPONSE PLAN
8. Initiation and Maintenance of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support
Services for casualties, patients, hospital staff and other responders,
bereaved
9. Management of Information – Monitoring of Plan
10.Activation of plan in the event of complete isolation of hospital for
auxiliary power, water and food rationing, medication / dressing
rationing, waste and garbage disposal, staff and patient morale
11.Provision of the Public Health Services of the Hospital
12.Management of the Dead
13.Conduct of Post-Incident Evaluation
14.Updating of Plan including amendments to policies and procedures.
EARLY WARNING AND CODE ALERT SYSTEM
1. Fire Alarm
2. SOS alarm
3. Typhoon Signals from PAGASA
4. Tsunami Alert
5. Seismology Alert from PHIVOLCS
6. Intercom Announcements

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