Strengthening Social Protection Systems

“Takaful and Karama”

 FORMS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN EGYPT

Health care School

for poor people Feeding

Ration cards

Conditional
Cash Transfer Social
Housing
Upgrading
poor villages

Labor-intensive projects Insurance Slum Development

& Pensions Fund
Egypt Agenda for Inclusive Growth; The Way Forward

Political Commitment
• Ensuring social rights, • Medium and long term
equality of opportunity, development plans for
fair distribution of the whole country with
development outcomes & social inclusion as the
reducing income gaps central element
2014
SDS 2030
Constitution

Social
Justice
Comit.
Pro-poor Sector
policies & Specific
Programs Strategies

• Social Protection; Targeting

• Moving from universal to and Sustainability
targeted subsidies • Education; universality &
equity
• A focus on Upper Egypt • Health; Equity & accountability
• Food subsidy; Food security,
3 supply chain & efficiency
An Inclusive Agenda for Economic Growth; Enabling Environment

Policy Level
• Equitable redistribution of Subsidies to improve targeting and
efficiency
• Unified National Registry

Institutional Level
• Ministerial Social Justice committee headed by the PM to ensure
harmonisation of the social inclusion agenda

Partnerships
• With the Private Sector
• With the Civil Society Organisations
• With the International Donors/IFIs
• Citizen Engagement
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 HEADING TOWARDS SOCIAL INCLUSION
The plan is to set aside nearly 15% of savings from subsidy
reforms for social investments including:
• Safety net programs (Budget increased for cash transfer
from 3.6 billion in 2013 to 14.2 billion EGP in 2016)
• Free health insurance for the poor (3 billion EGP)
• School feeding (1.4 billion EGP)
• Social Housing (18 billion EGP)
• Other social programs to mitigate economic risks and
alleviate poverty.

This is added to contributory social pension (120 billion)

Beneficiary Group Social Protection Intervention
• Takaful cash transfer
Cash Transfer
• Social Pension cash transfer
• Karama Cash Transfer
• HH with children under
poverty line
• Youth above 18 to
continue education
• Women above 50/ no
source for living.
• Elderly, PwD & Orphans

Child Protection • Protection of children: • Children 0-18 years

health, education + mothers • Reproductive health
• School feeding to reduce • Children from 4-12 years
drop out & improve health
and nutrition
Emergency • Emergency & Crisis • All affected HH
& Risk Mitigation • Water connections/ sewage.. • Infrastructure developmt
• Social protection till • People who have
recovery substance abuse
Social Insurance • Contributory social pension • Workers
Employment • Rehab., training and • Persons above 65 years
6
employment • Unemployed
 DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SAFETY NET
The Ministry of Social Solidarity (MOSS) is mandated to reform
the Social Safety Net and expand its coverage, with a long-term
plan to reach 3.5 million poor HHs with emphasis on building
effective targeting and efficient systems.
ASPECTS OF IMPROVING SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS
IN EGYPT
1. Conditionality: exerting all efforts to invest in children and fulfill
their basic rights (health, education, nutrition and protection).
2. Automation: developing electronic data base on poorest HH & SP
groups, to enhance transparency and potential corruption.
3. Integrated Systems: coordination between government services to
boost collective efforts & maximize all services to citizens.
4. Wider Outreach: ensure that remote and deprived areas and to
people who lack knowledge about their social rights.
5. Verification & Grievance: improve these measures to build trust
and accountability and to ensure eligibility.
6. Limited period of CC: limiting support to only 3 years liable for
revision to needy families, but to empower “abled” people and seek
income-generation opportunities.
 TAKAFUL AND KARAMA ELIGIBILITY
Takaful is a family income support program to families with
children (0-18 years), and is aimed to produce human
development outcomes, specially nutrition, maternal and child
health, and school enrolment and retention.

Karama is a social inclusion program to persons, specifically

the elderly 65+ and the disabled who cannot work, and is
aimed to provide social protection and decent life for the most
vulnerable persons. It also includes orphans (0-18) who are
living outside institutions and are whose caretakers are their
extended family members.
PRINCIPLES OF TAKAFUL AND KARAMA PROGRAMS

Human Develop-
National Systematic &
Rights- Equity integrated
mental
ownership Approach
based
 TARGETING
Geographic Targeting:
• Transfer of Cash is done to particular geographic areas or
administrative units that have the lowest development indicators.
• The targeting mechanism identifies the eligible areas and then within
these identifies the potential beneficiaries.

Proxy Means Test (PMT) Targeting:

• A score is generated for each household (HH) based on combination of
different factors; including income, education and occupation of HH
members, quality of housing, demographic structure of household, and
ownership of goods.
• The HH information will be collected by social workers in a structured
questionnaire that includes all the above mentioned factors.
• A “score” for each potential beneficiary or household is computed and
eligibility is determined by comparing the score against a predetermined
cut-off.
 BENEFIT SCHEME

Takaful Program Karama Program

Monthly Monthly
Family Person
payment Payment
Basic HH
325
payment One Person 350
Per child –
60
Primary stage
Two persons 700
Per child – Prep. 80
stage
Per child – 100 Three persons 1050
Secondary stage
 CONDITIONALITY AND COMPLIANCE
• Pregnant or lactating women are typically required to ensure
attend health clinics regularly.
• Children (0-6 years old) to have updated vaccination booklets,
growth monitoring, and health primary care.
• Mothers of children (0-6) are required to attend at least 3 classes
per year on healthy nutrition and parental care. (0-18??)
• Families with school-aged children (6-18 years) to enroll their
children in schools - attendance rate 80% of the school days.
• Children who can no more attend school to be linked to
vocational education/ training.

 Immediate intervention takes place if families are not complying with

conditions.
 Pension is revised every three years for Takaful and is not revised for
Karama.
 MULTIPLE LEVELS OF VERIFICATION

1. Verification on site – completion of data.

2. Electronic verification (insurance, Soc.

Assistance, travel..)

3. Verification through Social Units Head and staff.

4. Verification through Social Accountability

Committees.

5. Verification through field visits (5-7%).

 ACHIEVEMENTS OF “T&K” PROGRAM

1. Completion of targeting tools and of system automation.

2. 7000 social workers & researchers had their capacities developed on
surveying poor families and filling questionnaires.
3. Launched the program in 27 Governorates (including 227 districts and
3800 villages).
4. A total of 2,240 million HH (9,350 million HH individuals). Total of 1,2
million (5,4 million individuals) were primarily accepted out of which
98,000 were stopped).
5. Developed verification and grievance mechanisms. Verification stopped 8-
10% for their ineligibility. 61,000 Grievances were received and dealt with.
6. Started developing social accountability committees to enhance collective
responsibility.
7. Formed T&K Ambassadors from media people to raise community
awareness.
 THE PROGRAM PARTNERS
Ministry of Education: Follow-up on indicators of school enrolment and
attendance, and developing the curriculum of “No Illiteracy with Takaful”. In
addition, coordinate on national program of “School Feeding”.
Ministry of Health: monitor and report on indicators of health care of children
under 6 years and of pregnant and lactating mothers. In addition, coordinate on
initiative of “First 1000 days in the life of children”.
Ministry of Interior: Validate the national ID and report on Heads of Households
outside Egypt, for purpose of work or migration.
Ministry of Planning: Design & implementation of the Unified National registry.
Coordinate to establish MoSS database on people living with disability.
Ministry of Agriculture: report on T&K beneficiaries who own land tenures to
help in the assessment of the poverty level of households.
Ministry of Finance: Finance the program, and help conducting research on
costing of social protection and cost & benefit analysis.
Post office: channels to disbursement of funds of Social Pension and of T&K. 16
WHY WE NEED TO INTENSIFY SP IN RURAL AREAS
96.5% Of villages have drinking water networks, but frequently suffer from
water cuts.
69.8% of villages lack sewage networks, and 47.5% of those who have
suffer from irregular clogging in the networks.
81.8% of the villages have no secondary schools, 15% do not have
preparatory schools, and 3.7% do not have primary schools.
69.7% of the villages have health units, 60.2% have private doctors’ clinics,
and 51.5% by family planning centers.
49% of the buildings in these villages suffer from water intrusion due to
the construction on agricultural land.
89.8% suffer from the absence of any fire points.
Source: CAPMAS, 2015

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CHALLENGES FOR INTEGRATED SOCIAL PROTECTION
IN RURAL AREAS

• Lack of automation of agricultural services

• Poor technology and IT support
• Lack of information and of knowledge hubs
• Limited capacities at the bottom level
• Weak governance systems
• Scattered possessions and resistance to innovative integration strategies.
• Image of women and limited role for her in public life
• Overpopulation
• Prevailing illiteracy

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 DRIVING FORCES TOWARDS SUCCESS
1. Presidential and Prime Minister decrees approving the program and
legitimizing it as a sustainable national program.
2. Budgeting social protection program as a whole from the state
budget, within the context of national economic reform and heading
towards social justice.
3. Social Justice Committee and its positive role towards having an
integrated social protection program driven by relevant ministries.
4. Readiness of non-government entities to positively collaborate
(NGOs, parliament members, Governors, media).
5. Developing Unified National Registry on national basis.
6. Integrating community workers to promote awareness on social
protection and economic empowerment issues.
7. Developing Unified National Registry on national basis.
8. Focusing on community participation and mobilizing public
accountability, thus community as actors not receptors.
9. Building trust between state and society.
Equitable development
and Social Justice….

Towards the change for

the “Egypt” we want.