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BIOFUNGSI
SISTEM DIGESTI
Oleh:
Heru Nurcahyo
Magister Pendidikan Biologi
PPs UNY
2019
Tujuan instruksional umum
• Mahasiswa: Memahami dan mengerti
– Biofungsi sistem pencernaan (digesti)
– Biofungsi saluran digesti
– Biofungsi kelenjar digesti
Bahan
Makanan
PERAN dan FUNGSI
SALURAN
PENCERNAAN
MAKANAN
Pencernaan
Secara mekanis, kimiawi dan
mikrobiotis
Sari-sari Metabolisme
makanan absorpsi seluler
What is the pathway that food follows?
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus
SALURAN
PENCERNAAN:
• mulut
• faring
• kerongkongan
• lambung
• usus halus
• usus besar
• rektum dan anus.
KELENJAR
PENCERNAAN:
• kelenjar air liur
(salivarius)
• hati
• pankreas.
An overview of the digestive system
Esophagus
passageway where peristalsis pushes
food to stomach
Liver Stomach
produces bile secretes acid and digestive enzyme
(emulsification of fats for protein; mixing food with
Secretions (chyme)
Gallbladder
stores bile
Small intestine
Pancreas mixes chyme with digestive enzymes,
produces pancreatic juice absorbs nutrients
contains digestive
enzymes, produces insulin Large intestine
absorbs water and salt to form feces
Rectum
Anus
What are the main steps in the digestive
process?
• Ingestion – intake of food via the mouth (eating)
lymph
Mucosa nerve vessel
s
Submucosa
Lumen
central space containing
food being digested
Serosa artery
vein
Muscularis
Peristalsis
The first part of the digestive tract
includes the:
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
Sistem digesti pad Hewan Tingkat Rendah
• Pengeluaran (eleminasi):anus.
Faring (Pharynx)
Merupakan persilangan antara saluran makanan
dan saluran udara. Epiglotis berperan sebagai
pengatur (klep) kedua saluran tersebut. Pada
saat menelan makanan maka saluran udara
ditutup oleh epiglotis dan sebaliknya jika
sedang menghirup nafas.
MULUT
hard palate
soft palate
tonsil
molars (3)
premolars (2)
canine (1)
incisors (2)
Our throat divides into two separate tubes: the
windpipe and the esophagus. What prevents
food from entering the windpipe?
A. The uvula
B. The tongue
C. The trachea
D. The epiglottis
The mouth
• 3 pairs of salivary glands secrete salivary amylase that begins
carbohydrate digestion
enamel
crown dentin
pulp
gum
jawbone
root canal
root
MULUT
• Menelan:
– Merupakan proses yang kompleks
– Tahap:
• Volunter : dengan bantuan lidah makanan secara
sadar di dorong ke belakang rongga mulut
• Faringeal: otomatis makanan masuk ke esofagus
• Esofageal: gerakan peristaltik, makanan terdorong
ke lambung
– Pengaturan reflek menelan
• Dimulai dengan adanya makan yang terdorong ke
belakang mulut.
Pencernaan bhn mkn di mulut
1. Karbohidrat (amilum); nasi, donat, pizza
2. Protein; telur, daging, tahu, tempe
3. Lemak mkn; trigliserida; minyak goreng,
mentega, kacang, lemak ikan, lauk pauk
4. Vitamin; a d e k b c
5. Mineral; garam dapur, tulang rawan, keras,
air susu
6. Serat kasar; sayur, mayur, buah,
The pharynx and esophagus
• Involuntary phase:
– Once the food is in the pharynx swallowing becomes a
reflex
– The epiglottis covers the voice box to make sure food is
routed into the esophagus
– Food moves down the esophagus through peristalsis
(rhythmic contraction)
MEKANISME PENELANAN
Karakteristik ludah yang dihasilkan oleh perangsangan kolinergik dan
adrenergik
• The mucosa layer has deep folds and gastric pits that lead into
gastric glands that secretes gastric juice
• Gastric juice contains pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down
proteins, and HCl and mucus
• HCl gives the stomach a pH of 2 which activates pepsin and
helps kill bacteria found in food
lower gastroesophageal
sphincter
pyloric muscularis
sphincter layer has
three layers
of muscle
mucosa layer
lower gastroesophageal
sphincter
Stomach
gastric pit
gastric gland
pyloric
cells that
sphincter
secrete
gastric
juice
• Lambung :
• Anatomi terdiri dari:
– Fundus
– Korpus
– Antrum
• Fungsi motorik sebagai :
– Tempat penyimpanan makanan
– Tempat pencampuran makanan
– Tempat pencernaan makanan secara kimiawi dan
enzimatis
LAMBUNG
Gs AC Gi
Ca++ Ca++
Protein kinase
K+
H+
PANKREAS
• Enzim pankreas sangat penting untuk proses digesti,
dan sekresi enzim ini diatur oleh kontrol hormon
sekretin dan CCK
• Secretin merangsang duktus pakreas menghasilkan
juice yang alkalis (HCO3 banyak, enzim )
• CCK merangsang sel acinus produksi juice pankreas
yg volumenya sedikit tapi enzimnya
• Stimulasi vagus merangsang sekresi pankreas
Enzim Pankreas dan fungsinya
ENZIM FUNGSI
• Amino acids and sugars enter the capillaries while fatty acids and
glycerol enter small lymph vessels
Anatomy of the small intestine
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Small intestine
Section of intestinal wall villus
lumen
blood
capillaries
lymph
nodule
venule
lymphatic
vessel
arteriole
How are nutrients digested and transported out
of the small intestine?
carbohydrate protein
+
pancreatic amylase bile salts fat globules
trypsin
emulsification
peptides droplets
maltase
cell of peptidase lipase
intestinal glucose monoglycerides
villus and free
amino acids
fatty acids
lymphatic
blood capillary blood capillary
capillary
a. Carbohydrate digestion b. Protein digestion c. Fat digestion
The three accessory organs
• Pancreas
• Liver bile
• Gallbladder pancreas
gallbladder
duodenum
The pancreas
• Behind the stomach
– Absorb water
small
colon
intestine
produced by intestinal
flora
vermiform
appendix rectum
- Peptic Ulcers
- Heartburn and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Constipation
- Hemorrhoids
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Diarrhea
- Diverticulosis
- Hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Gallstones
- Celiac Disease
Peptic Ulcers
Health focus: Heartburn
• Occurs when acids from the stomach pass into the esophagus
(acid reflux)
• Cirrhosis:
– The liver becomes fatty and eventually this tissue is
replaced by fibrous scar tissue
– Seen in alcoholics and obese people
– This can lead to liver failure in which the liver cannot
regenerate
Disorders of the colon and rectum
• Diarrhea – increased peristalsis and water is not reabsorbed
due to either an infection or nervous stimulation
MAAFKAN ATAS
SEGALA
KESALAHAN
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