Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Education
Power
Prestige
- describes a condition in which
members of a society have
different amounts of wealth,
prestige and power
6 of the World’s richest are Filipinos...
State of normlessness
A.1 Innovation – any new idea, method,
device that gains widespread acceptance in
society.
– Primary innovation – creation, invention or chance
discovery of a completely new idea
– Secondary innovation – new and deliberate
application or medication of an existing new idea
A.2 Diffusion - spread of certain ideas,
customs or practices from one culture to
another
A.3 Cultural Loss (obsolescence) –
abandonment of an existing practice or trait.
Ex. cart and chariot gave way to camels
(camels are better means of transport)
School as agent of socialization
School as agent of cultural transmission
School as agent of cultural change
School as agent of modernization
School as agent to construct the identity of
individual
School as an instrument for accumulation of
cultural capital
Sex – biological distinction between females
and males.
Sexual orientation – an individual’s
preference in terms of sexual partners:
same sex, neither sex.
– Homosexuality
– Heterosexuality
– Bisexuality (attraction to both sexes)
– Asexuality (attraction to neither sex)
Gender – the significance that members of a
society attach to being female or male
– Thru gender, a society guides how we think about
ourselves and how we interact with others
Patriarchy – form of social organization in
which males dominate females
Matriarchy – form of social organization in
which females dominate males
Sexism – the beliefs that one sex is innately
superior to the other. E.g. most women are
highly concentrated in low-paying job
– Sexism stunts talents and limits the ambitions of
women
Gender is at work even before the child is
born since most parents generally hope to
have a boy rather than girl
Baby girls are ushered in “pink world” while
baby boy are in “blue world”
In school, female child are tenderly handled
with more hugs and kisses while male child is
treated more aggressively
Boys favor team sports with complex rules
and clear objectives which reinforce
masculine traits of aggression and control
Girls play jump rope, simply talk, sing and
dance. Instead of teaching them
competitiveness, female peer groups promote
interpersonal skills of communication and
cooperation
In school, more girls learn secretarial
schooling and home-based duties – nutrition
or sewing
Classes for boys are into woodworking, auto
mechanic, gardening
For every peso earned by men, women earned
about 75 cents.
– Because the kind of work women do: largely
secretarial and service jobs
– Because parenting as woman’s responsibility
More and more women are earning bachelor’s
degree
Women earned majority of postgraduate
degrees, often their springboard to high-
prestige jobs
Although some professional field are still
predominantly male. E.g. military, law
Until 1935, women were not given the rights
and opportunity to vote
Today, there is an increasing number of
women who serve as mayors, reps across the
country
We have already two women who serve as
heads of the government
-is a historical process, the result of
human innovation and technological
progress.
refers to the increasing integration of
economies around the world,
particularly through trade and financial
flows.
refers to the movement of people
(labor) and knowledge (technology)
across international borders.
Globalization is connectivity in economic and
cultural life across the world for centuries.
Globalization involves the diffusion of ideas,
practices and technologies.
de-localization (many of the activities that
previously involved face-to-face interaction,
or that were local, are now conducted across
great distances)
supraterritoriality (decline in power of
national governments; emergence of
institutions such as the World Bank, the
European Union and the European Central
Bank, involve new constraints and imperatives
);
the speed and power of technological
innovation and the associated growth of risk
the rise of multinational corporations
– The global corporations cut across the
international boundaries between states, thus
they are a force for worldwide integration
– These global corporations has tremendous power
to the extent that they thwart the wishes of
national governments or international
organizations
– They even influence the foreign policies of
countries
– Multinational companies are constantly in search
of cheap labor
– The power of these mega corporations has
become all greater thru control of mass media
the extent to which the
moves towards the creation
of (global) free markets to
leads to instability
and division.
As more money is poured in to developing
countries, there is a greater chance for the
people in those countries to economically
succeed and increase their standard of living.
Global competition encourages creativity and
innovation and keeps prices for
commodities/services in check.
Developing countries are able to reap the
benefits of current technology without
undergoing many of the growing pains
associated with development of these
technologies.
Governments are able to better work
together towards common goals now that
there is an advantage in cooperation, an
improved ability to interact and coordinate,
and a global awareness of issues.
There is a greater access to foreign culture
in the form of movies, music, food,
clothing, and more. In short, the world has
more choices.
Outsourcing, while it provides jobs to a
population in one country, takes away those
jobs from another country, leaving many
without opportunities.
Although different cultures from around the
world are able to interact, they begin to
meld, and the contours and individuality of
each begin to fade. (homogenization of
culture)
There may be a greater chance of disease
spreading worldwide, as well as invasive
species that could prove devastating in
non-native ecosystems. (destruction of
biodiversity)
There is little international
regulation, an unfortunate fact
that could have dire consequences for the
safety of people and the environment.
Large Western-driven organizations such as
the International Monetary Fund and the World
Bank make it easy for a developing country to
obtain a loan. However, a Western-focus is
often applied to a non-Western situation,
resulting in failed progress. (imposition of
Western model of development)
Commodification and the corporate takeover
of education.
The threat to the autonomy of national
educational systems by globalization.
De-localization and changing technologies
and orientations in education.
Branding, globalization and learning to be
consumers.
Education takes place in society.
Education is essentially a social
process.
Social environment educates the child.
Education has a social role to play.
Education is a lifelong process.
Education is not only schooling.
Education is formal, nonformal and informal.
Beside schools, there are many education
institutions.
Economic and political factors of society play a
dominant role in educational reforms.
Education must be social in nature, and develop
democratic skills and values in students.
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