HIGH LIFT DEVICES

ASWIN.B.D
19AE60R07
OVERVIEW

 Need?
 How do they work?
 Types of high lift devices – working and uses
NEED FOR HIGH LIFT DEVICES

 High lift required at take-off and landing

L  = ½

 Reduce take-off and landing distances

 Design trade-off
SCIENCE BEHIND HIGH LIFT DEVICES

  To reduce T/O distances

• W/S must be low
• must be high

 To increase
• Increase camber
• Increase wing area(S)
• Delay stalling
• Boundary layer control

Adapted from https

://nptel.ac.in/courses/101106041/Chapter%203%20Lecture%2012%2020-12-2011.pdf
HIGH LIFT DEVICES

 Flaps
 Slats and Slots
 Boundary layer control
 Leading edge root extensions

Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-lift_device

FLAPS

  Movable portion, lowered to produce extra lift

 Temporary increase in wing camber

 / must also be considered

 Mostly attached at trailing edge

Adapted from https

://nptel.ac.in/courses/101106041/Chapter%203%20Lecture%2012%2020-12-2011.pdf
 TYPES OF FLAPS
  Plain flap
• Rear portion is hinged
• Deflected to increase

 Split flap
• Lower surface alone hinges downwards

 Slotted flap
• Several airfoils which separate, hinge and slide
• Local flow re-energizes
• Multi slotted to bring flow till trailing edge
• Effective at lower speeds
Adapted from https://www.quora.com/Why-do-aeroplanes-need-a-high-lift-during-landing
 TYPES OF FLAPS

 Fowler Flaps
• Slide backward, then downward
• Increase chord and camber
• Provides slot effect

Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_(aeronautics)#Fowler_flap

 Kruger Flaps
• Attached on leading edge
• Portion of lower wing rotates out
• Hinged at foremost position
• Blunt leading edge, better low speed handling

Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krueger_flap

 SLATS AND SLOTS

 Slat - Aerofoil shaped body

 Attached in front of leading edge

 Slot - Redirects flow over surface

 Reenergizes main flow over wing

Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading-edge_extension
 Delays separation

 Fixed slat advantageous at high AOA

 BOUNDARY LAYER CONTROL
 Reenergizing flow to delay separation
 Flow rushes from high pressure to low pressure
 Active Boundary Control
• Suction and blowing
• Bleed air from engine

 Passive Boundary Control

• Using slots in slats and flaps
• Reenergizes flow over surface

Adapted from https://nptel.ac.in/courses/101106041/Chapter%203%20Lecture%2012%2020-12-2011.pdf

 LEADING EDGE EXTENSIONS

 Small extension forward of the leading edge

 Improve airflow at high AOA and low airspeeds
 Leading Edge Root Extensions (LERX)
• Small triangular fillets
• Primarily in military aircrafts
• Attached from leading edge of wing root to fuselage
• Creates vortex at triangular tips at high AOA
• Reduces pressure, increases energy

 Droops
• Entire leading edge section rotates downwards
• Increases camber and reduces stalling speed

Adapted from https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/15637/

how-does-the-use-of-leading-edge-root-extension-help-in-increasing-stall-angle
 SUMMARY

  High lift required

 Short T/O and landing distances needed
 Increase and delay separation
 Flap effective as camber and area increases
 Boundary layer control to delay separation
 Different high lift device functions