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Dynamic method Dispatch

• Runtime polymorphism or Dynamic Method Dispatch is a process in

which a call to an overridden method is resolved at runtime rather than
compile-time.

• In this process, an overridden method is called through the reference

variable of a super class.
• (Source: https://www.javatpoint.com)
 Example
class Bike{
void run(){System.out.println("running");}
}
class Splender extends Bike{
void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 60km");}

public static void main(String args[]){

Bike b = new Splender();//upcasting
b.run();
}
}
Output:
running safely with 60km.
Final Keyword

• The final keyword in java is used to restrict the user. The java final
keyword can be used in many context. Final can be:
• variable
• method
• Class

What is blank or uninitialized final variable?

• A final variable that is not initialized at the time of declaration is known as
blank final variable.
• It can be initialized only in constructor.
• (Source: https://www.javatpoint.com)
 Example: Final Variable
class Bike9{
final int speedlimit=90;//final variable
void run(){
speedlimit=400;
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Bike9 obj=new Bike9();
obj.run();
}
}//end of class
Output:
Compile Time Error
Note: You can’t change the value of final variable
 Example: Final Variable
class Bike{
final void run(){System.out.println("running");}
}

class Honda extends Bike{

void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 100kmph");}

public static void main(String args[]){

Honda honda= new Honda();
honda.run();
}
}
Output: Compile Time Error
Note: You can’t override a final method
 Example: Final class
final class Bike{}

class Honda1 extends Bike{

void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 100kmph");}

public static void main(String args[]){

Honda1 honda= new Honda1();
honda.run();
}
}
Output: Compile Time Error
Note: You can’t extend a final class.
Abstract Class
• A class that is declared with abstract keyword, is known as abstract class in
java. It can have abstract and non-abstract methods (method with body).

Ways to achieve Abstraction

• There are two ways to achieve abstraction in java
• Abstract class (0 to 100%)
• Interface (100%)

Abstract class in Java

• A class that is declared as abstract is known as abstract class. It needs to be
extended and its method implemented. It cannot be instantiated.

Abstract method
• A method that is declared as abstract and does not have implementation is
known as abstract method.Example abstract method
• abstract void printStatus();//no body and abstract
• (Source: https://www.javatpoint.com)
 Example of abstract class that has abstract
method
abstract class Bike{
abstract void run();
}
class Honda4 extends Bike{
void run(){System.out.println("running safely..");}
public static void main(String args[]){
Bike obj = new Honda4();
obj.run();
}
}
Output: running safely..