MOLECULAR

ELECTRONICS
By: Shashi bhushan
prince
 MOLECTRONICS ?
•It is interdisciplinary theme that spans physics, chemistry and
material science.
•Special features is the use of molecular building block for
fabrication of electronics component in both active and passive
form.
•It is such field in nanoscience ,that evolves with the exploration of
the electronic level structure ,response & transport for
development of electronic device
•As there is binding of molecular building block it forms larger
structure and show dynamical stereochemistry
 HISTORY
•Robert Muliken & Albert Szent-Gyorgyi proposed study
of charge transfer theory in 1940.
•In 1974 Mark Ratner & Avi Aviram illustrated a
theoretical molecular rectifier.
•Later Avi Aviram detailed a single molecular field effect
transistor in 1998.
•In 2000 Shirakawa ,heeger & MacDiarmid won Noble
prize in physics for potentially high conductivity of
(oxidized) polyacetelene & it’s subsequent development.
 ABOUT
MOLECULAR
ELECTRONICS
•The principle of above research is that biological systems can give useful
paradigm for developing electronic and computational devices at the
molecular level.
•The approach involves the design and synthesis of dyads, triads & other
super molecular species using the techniques of organics chemistry.
•In order to studied newly prepared molecules time resolved laser
spectography.NMR spectroscpy.
 WHY MOLECULAR
ELECTRONICS
•For electronic application, molecular structures has four major advantages:
•Size.
•Assembly & Recognition.
•Dynamical stereochemistry.
•Synthetic tailor ability
 MOORE’S LAW
•The number of transistors that can be fabricated on
silicon integrated circuit and therefore the computing
speed of such a circuit is doubling every 18 to 24
months.
•After four decades, solid-state microelectronics has
advanced to the feature point at which 100 million
transistors, with feature size measuring 180 nm can
be put onto a few square centimeters of silicon.
ELECTRODE EFFECT
•The molecule electrode interface limit current flow &
completely modify the measured electrical response
of the junction.
•Poor covalent bonding exists between molecule and
electrode.
•A related consideration involves how chemical nature
of molecule-electrode affects the rest of the molecule
 MOLECULE
ELECTRONICS
•The proposed circuit architectures have attempted to
CIRCUITS
deal with five key issues:
•Tolerance to manufacturing defects.
•Introduction to non-traditional fabrication methods.
•Scalability to near molecular dimensions.
•Briding between device densities.
•Fabrication simplicity.
 SOME MOLECULER
ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS
 CROSSBARS &
•TheDEMULTIPLEXERS
most attractive architectures for designing
molecular-electronics circuits for computational
applications and interfacing them to the macroscopic
world is the crossbars.
•The memory, shows on the right, consists of two
major components. The central crossbar –the
crossing of 16 vertical and 16 horizontal black wires-
constitutes a 256-bit memory circuit.
FIGURE OF CROSSBARS &
DEMULTIPLEXERS
 ADVANTAGES
•Tiny.
•Low power consumption.
•Able to integrate large circuit.
•Re-configurable.
 DISADVANTAGES
•Controlled fabrication with in specified tolerances.

•Hard experimental verification.

 APPLICATION
•Sensors.
•Displays, Energy transduction devices.
•Smart Material, Molecular scale transistors.
•Molecular motors, logic and memory devices.