Electrical Power

Distribution &
Utilization
EE-359
Objectives

 Is about:
 enabling students to apply theoretical
knowledge and practice analytical skills in
the field of power distribution.
 Course Learning Outcomes

S. CLO Domain Taxonomy level PLO

No.

1. Propose economic solutions by analyzing the Cognitive 6 3

problems in electrical power distribution system such
as tariffs, economical power factor.

2. Assessment of the faults occurred in underground Cognitive 5 4

power cables and selection of proper cable size as
per application and standards.

3. Execute experiments and observe the dynamics of Psychomotor 4 5

electrical power distribution system as well as
verification of results using modern analytical tools
developed for power distribution system in theory.
Books

 Electrical Power System by Ashfaq

Hussain
 Power System by S Uppal
 Principles of Power System by V.K Mehta
 Transmission and Distribution of
Electrical Energy by H. Cotton and H.
Barber
Sessional Marks

 Midterm-(9th or 10th week)- 20 marks

 CEP-(Submission after midterm)-10
marks
 Pre or Post Midterm Test-TBD-10 marks
Electrical Power System

 network of electrical components deployed to

supply, transfer, and use electric power
 Generation
 Transmission
 Distribution
 Electrical Load: household appliances and
industrial machinery
Power Stations/Plants
History

 First power station was made by Thomas

Edison in 1882 in New York
 The Pearl Street Station
 3000 lamps/ 59 customers
 DC and Single voltage
 In 1885 George Westinghouse built the first AC
power system
AC Power Systems

 With modernization demand of electricity

increased
 Large generators
 Located far from load center
 Generally near the source of fuel
 Electrical Energy has to be transported to Load
Center
Transmission System
Voltage Classification

 LV- low voltage-(upto 1000 V)

 MV-Medium voltage (1 kV< V < 35 kV)
 HV-High voltage (1 kV< V < 35 kV)
 EHV- Extra high voltage- greater than
230 kV
 UHV- Ulta high voltage- greater than
800 kV
Classification by K. Electric

 LT- 0.4 kV
 HT- 11 kV, 33 kV
 EHT- 132 kV, 220 kV
 UHT- 500 kV
Single line diagram

 Simplified notation to represent a

three phase diagram
 One line diagram
 Symbols
 Distribution substation has a power
transformer.
 Grid
 Steps down voltage from 132 kV to 11 kV
 Number of feeders radiate out from the power
transformer
 These are primaries of Distribution Transformer
 Steps down voltage to consumer level i.e 400 V
Power vs Distribution
Transformer

 Size
 Voltage
 Load fluctuation
 Location
 Winding connection
Design of Distribution System

 The design should be such that the

system is:
 Reliable

 Available

 Has Good Power Quality

 Reliability Vs Availibility
 PQ: Customer vs Utility Perspective
Distribution System Reliability

 ability to deliver uninterrupted service to

customer
 distribution system is an important part of the
total electrical supply system. 
  provides the final link between a utility's
transmission system and its customers
 more than eighty per cent of all customer
interruptions occur due to failures in the
distribution system
 Reliability is measured through reliability indices
Reliabilty Indices

 SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) – a system

index of average duration of interruption in the power supply
indicated in minutes per customer.
 SAIDI = total duration of interruptions for a group of customers
                             Number of all customers
 SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) – a
system index of average frequency of interruptions in power
supply
 SAIFI =    total number of interruptions for a group of
customers
                              Number of all customers
NEPRA codes for Distribution
Company

 Nepra-National Electric Power Regulatory Authority

 The Dx company shall supply electrical power to
atleast 95% of its consumers within a range of +/-
5% of its nominal voltage
 Dx company shall supply power to its consumer
within a frequency range of +/- 1%
 The company shall supply electrical power to its
consumers of the power quality in accordance with
IEEE standards 519-19992 regarding harmonic
content
 SAIFI per consumer per annum should not exceed
13
 SAIDI per consumer per annum doesn’t exceed 14
Types of Power System

 Vertically integrated Utility

 Deregulated/Restructured Utility
Pakistan’s Power Sector