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Females Males Females Males
Mass media plays an important role in habit picking and decides their lifestyle pattern.
Eat food or snacks while watching TV, buy food products based on advertisement, consume Junk food
products
Consume low quality protein supplements and steroids without proper guidance - renal failure and
MI.
Inadequate diet - stunted growth and delayed sexual maturation.
Mental health problems in adolescents are often neglected leading to increased
mortality and morbidity.
Suicidal behaviors reported in youths are more common in males, and are associated
with factors like absenteeism, independent decision making, premarital sex, sexual abuse,
physical abuse from parents and mental disorders.
In India around 35.4% suicide victims were youths in the age group of 15-29 years
(NCRB 2011 data)
Alcohol use disorder and psychiatric problems are the important cause of Years Lost
due to Disability (DALYs)
Challenges in parenting: Due to cultural barriers parents neglect to talk about physical
changes during adolescence & hence growing children learn about sexuality &
secondary sex characteristics from their peer groups or other inappropriate sources
Most of the children’s psychiatric disorders were unidentified because of parent’s
ignorance and negligence.
31.3 per cent of the road traffic deaths were seen among 15 to 29 years individuals
(NCRB 2011, India)
RISK FACTORS: Rash driving, breaking traffic rules, driving without license,
drunken driving and use of mobile phones while driving
Sexual abuse is faced by adolescent girls and boys equally. These problems mostly
go unnoticed as the victim suffers in silence because of fear and social stigma.
Adolescents are ignorant about the consequences of substance abuse
NFHS–3 data shows, in the age group 15–19, about 11% of adolescent boys and 1% of
adolescent girls had consumed alcohol, in that 3% consume it daily.
About 29% boys and 4% girls use some kind of tobacco. The average age at tobacco
use initiation was earliest at 12.3 y and alcohol usage at 13.6 y among adolescents
About 11% of cannabis users were introduced to it before the age of 15.
Initiating cannabis at this age is strongly associated with the development of
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adulthood
Habits like smoking and alcoholism have lifelong impact and potential to cause health
problems like coronary heart disease and diabetes in adulthood. Even though there is
legal restriction, alcohol and tobacco products are available generously for under-18
age group.
Primordial prevention from substance abuse with strict enforcement of law can
prevent occurrence of such diseases.
At this age, curiosity about sexuality increases, they start showing sexual interest in
opposite sex.
Media also plays a major role in exposing them to sexually explicit materials which make
them perpetrators of sexual violence.
Early menarche, late marriage, less supervision – have increased opportunities for sexual
encounters
Adolescent sex is a taboo in most societies which has lead to widespread ignorance
among the youth of the risks associated with unprotected sexual activity
Sources of information and contraceptive advice is rarely accessible to adolescents
Lack of sex education, lack of knowledge on transmission of STIs & HIV/AIDS
Social stigma – undisclosed diseases left untreated leading to complications like infertility,
pelvic inflammatory disease and cancer
In addition, impulsive sexual behavior and non-use of contraceptives are sometimes
exacerbated by alcohol and drug abuse
High mortality & morbidity is associated with pregnancy & child bearing in
adolescent girls
Rise in wanted and unwanted pregnancies leading to increased abortions & STDs
Increased numbers of abandoned and abused children born to adolescent mothers
There is an inverse relationship between fertility and education
Early and more frequent childbearing consequently increases population size and
growth rate
anemia, fetal
Pregnancy during adolescence is associated with increased risk of
growth retardation, prematurity, preterm delivery, complications during
labor and maternal mortality
Reproductive and sexual health status of
Indian adolescents (NFHS-3 data)
S. No Factors Male (%) Female (%)
Priority interventions –
Adolescent nutrition; Iron & Folic Acid supplementation
Information & Counselling on Adolescent Sexual & Reproductive health and other health
issues
Menstrual Hygiene