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I am alive.
I have a body.
I can breath.
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Let us apply doubt.
I am alive?
I have a body?
I can breath?
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
If you have answered yes to all of the doubtful questions, we can now say:
I am alive!
I have a body!
I can breath!
This is one perspective on
truth – That a belief is
true if it can be justified
or proven through the use
of one’s sense.
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Now let us tackle another statement.
I am a Filipino.
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Now let us apply systematic doubt.
Am I a Filipino?
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Lets have some research…
Filipino (NOUN)
Filipinos (plural noun) · Pilipino (noun) · Pilipinos (plural
noun)
1. a native of the Philippine Islands
2. nationality or a Citizen of the Republic of the
Philippines,
3. the national language of the Philippines , a
standardized form of Tagalog.
WHICH OF THOSE APPLY TO YOU?
Describe what you see. Would you like to visit this place? What will you do when you
go to this place?
Written Work 1
Describe what you see. Do you see yourself staying near this picture? Do you
imagine yourself doing the same things you imagine doing in the first picture?
HOW DOES PHILOS0PHY DEFINES THE PERSON’S
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENT?
Environmental Philosophy or
Environment Ethics- discipline in the
philosophy that studies the moral
relationship of human beings with the
environment and its non-human
contents.
THREE MAJOR VIEWS REGARDING THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN HUMANITY AND ENVIRONMENT
1. Anthropocentrism – focuses on the significant role of humankind in the world and
considers nature as the means by which humans are able to meet their needs and
survive.
This view believes that humans are the most important species on the planet and
they are free to transform nature and use it resources.
2. Biocentrism – believes that humans are not the only significant species on the
planet, and that all organisms have inherent value and should be protected.
This view drives the activities of humane organziations that advocate ethical
treatment of animals.
3. Ecocentrism – places a great value on ecosystems and biological communities.
This view believes the humankind is part of greater biological system or community
and we have significant role as stewards or guardians of nature
Environmental Aesthetics –
philosophical view that believes in
the maintaining order in the
environment will bring out the
natural beauty of the surroundings
and contribute to the well-being of
the people and other organisms
living in it.
PERFORMANCE TASK 1
Form groups of five members each. Research
on a specific environment problem happening
in our country. Analyze it using any of the
major philosophical view. Prepare your answer
on a PowerPoint Presentation and save it on
the folder designated in our GOOGLE
CLASSROOM.
HOW CAN HUMANITY ADDRESS THE DAMAGE
INFLICTED ON THE ENVIRONMENT?
Environmentalism – perspective that advocates to
address the growing environmental problems.
Environmental Ethics – important philosophical
view on environmentalism, a moral approach that
analyzes the relationship between humans and the
environment. It also discusses environmental
problems caused by human activities and social
issues that impact the environment.
WRITTEN WORK 2
Analyze the following situations and determine which of them show the right of moral choice with
regard to the environment.
1. A mining corporation decided to save costs and did not construct an effective storing facility for
mining waste. The improperly stored waste leaked and polluted the nearby river, poisoned marine life,
and caused people in the nearby village to get sick.
2. A businessman bought a large piece of farmland and decided to convert it into subdivision. During
Construction hundreds of trees where uprooted and streams were covered with cement.
3. Local official led a campaign to set aside several hectares of forested land in thier city as
watershed area. This area was declared off limits to loggers and miners
4. An animal shelter partnered with local government to conduct free vaccination drivers for pets. The
shelter also coordinates with local police to address cases involving animal cruelty.
WHAT CAN I DO TO UPHOLD ENVIRONMENTALISM
AND CARE FOR NATURE?
Sustainability or Sustainable Development – this concept focuses on reconciling
human activities and economic development with the protection of the
environment.
It relies on three important principles:
Environmental Integrity – refers to maintainining the state of the environment.
Economic Effeciency – refers to Prudence in decision making regarding the use
of the resources to ensure there is minimum to zero waste.
Equity – demands we use our natural resources in such a manner that these
are conserved so that the next generation will be able to use them.
The values of prudence and
frugality can guide us in our own
personal use of resources.
PRUDENCE – ability to regulate
ones action and beahviour
FRUGALITY – is being thrifty with
the use of one’s recources.
FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON Mario Meynard I. Mutia
WHAT IS FREEDOM? WHAT IS THE ESSENCE OF
FREEDOM?
Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property
of the person. This means that the human
person by nature is a free being and it is in his
or her nature to seek freedom. An important
indication of human freedom is the ability to
make choices and perform actions. Our
freedom to act sets us apart from other beings.
Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self
determination and exercise of intellect and freewill.
This means that every action is freely determined
and their actions define him or her. We can freely
chose to be a good person and to act in a good
way. A good act makes a person better while its
opposite has a negative impact on him or her as a
person.
This is the nature of self determination: that a
person’s actions determine what kind of person he or
she becomes.
PERFORMANCE TASK 2
ENCODE YOUR ANSWER IN MS WORD AND UPLOAD TO YOUR
DESIGNATED FOLDER
WHAT MAKES US FREE? HOW DOES FREEDOM
SHAPE OUR EXPERIENCE?
There are two elements that defines freedom.
1. Voluntariness –ability of a person to act out
of his or her own free will and self
determination.
2. Responsibility – refers to the person being
accountable for his or her own action and their
consequences
WRITTEN WORK 3
I am Free because… As a free person, I must…
HOW CAN I EXERCISE MY FREEDOM IN A
RESPONSIBLE AND BENEFICIAL MANNER?
1. Human freedom should be exercised with control
and a recognition of reasonable limits.
2. Freedom should also be exercised with regard
for knowledge and truth.
3. In exercising our freedom, we should also
recognized and uphold not only our individual
freedom but also the freedom of others.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY Mario Meynard I. Mutia
HOW DO WE AS HUMAN PERSON RELATE WITH
OTHERS?
Recognizing the “self” in the “other” – this is how philosophers define interpersonal
relations.
Our human nature not only enables us to recognize the “self” that defines our
individuality, it also enables us to recognize that other human beings also possess a
“self”. We are able to relate meaningfully with other human beings because we
consider ourselves essentially the same.
Intersubjectivity – the interaction between self and the other , the mutual recognition
of each other as a person.
It cannot be denied that we interact with other beings in the world, but some of these
beings that we interact with are persons and must be recognized as such. It also
carries the meaning of “a unique relationship between distinct subjects.”
UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
DISTINCT SUBJECTS
Refers to the characteristics of a human person to engage in a very
intimate and personal relationship with others who are different from him
or her but who are also like him or her. This is possible because the person
has an inner life or interiority. Having inner life allows a person to give
himself or herself to others. This also allows the individual to receive others
in is or her life and relate with them.
Intersubjectivity also allows a person to become closer to others in many
different ways
Seeming – where and individual presents himself or herself in a certain
way when dealing with others
WHAT CHARACTERIZES A GENUINE HUMAN
INTERACTION?
Dialogue – deeper and more genuine interaction,
made possible when the self realizes that the other is a
genuine and unique individual. When two individuals
begin to view each other as an other – that is, truly
acknowledging each others presence – then that is the
beginning of authentic relationship and a dialogue.
-it happens between two person thorugh speech or use
of words, expressions, and body language.
HOW DOES INTERSUBJECTIVITY DEFINE OUR
INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PERSON?
Empathy – ability to share emotions, is an important aspect of
intersubjectivity.
This emotion is driven by a persons awareness that the other person with
thoughts and feelings. Human persons are actively aware of the emotional
states of other people, and they use this information to determine their own
actions and behavior. Empathy enable us to experience another persons
emotions, such as happiness, anger and sadness.
Availability – willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal
of another. You may have encountered a situation where you needed help.
HOW DOES INTERSUBJECTIVITY DEFINE OUR
INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PERSON?
Ethics of Care – an ethical theory that
emphasizes the moral dimension of
relationships and interactions. This moral
perspective encourages individuals to help
other people, mostly especially the
vulnerable.
HOW CAN PHILOSOPHY HELP YOU EVALUATE
YOUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER?
Acceptance of differences and embracing diversity – it is
understood that each person is unique, therefore,
differences will exist among groups of people. When we
look at the physical self and even traits behaviours, we can
see that no two persons look and think the same. When we
consider views, beliefs and ideas the differences becomere
more pronounced. We have to accept that people will
have different views and beliefs. What unites us all is our
shared humanity and dignity.
WRITTEN WORK 4