MEASURES OF POSITION FOR UNGROUPED DATA:

QUARTILES , DECILES , & PERCENTILES

PREPARED BY: ANGELA C. DE GUZMAN 10- LAVOISIER

QUARTILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA
 The QUARTILES are the score points which divide a distribution into four equal
parts.

Q1 Q2 Q3
 25% of the data has a value ≤ Q1
 50% of the data has a value ≤ Q2
 75% of the data has a value ≤ Q3
QUARTILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA

 Q1 is called the LOWER QUARTILE

 Q2 is nothing but the MEDIAN
 Q3 is the UPPER QUARTILE
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 This method is being developed by William Mendenhall and Terry Sincich

to find the position of the quartile in the given data.
 MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 Formula:
 Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1= ¼ (n+1)
Q2= 2(n+1) = n+1 th observation
4 2
Upper Quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = ¾ (n+1)
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 N is the number of elements in the data

Example: The manager of a food chain recorded the number of
customers who came to eat the products in each day. The results were
10,15,14,13,20,19,12 and 11.
 In this example N=8
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 Q1= n+1 th observation

4
 Q2= 2(n+1) = n+1 th observation
4 2
 Q3= 3(n+1) th observation
4
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 Steps to solve the quartile of the given data

1. Arrange the data in ascending order or from the lowest value to the highest
value.
2. Find the N or the total number of elements presented in the data.
3. Find the least value of the data and the greatest value of the data.
4. find the lower quartile of the given data using the Mendenhall & Sincich Method.

Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1= ¼ (n+1)

MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

5. Find the middle value of the data or the Median. Use this formula
Q2= 2(n+1) = n+1 th observation
4 2
6. Find the upper quartile of the given data. Use this formula
Upper Quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = ¾ (n+1)
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 Example:
The owner of the coffee shop recorded the number of customers who
came into his café each hour in a day. The results were 14, 10, 12, 9, 17, 5, 8,
9, 14, 10, and 11.
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 Solution
 Ascending order
{5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17}
 N=11
 Least value= 5
 Greatest value= 17
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1= ¼ (n+1)

Q1= ½ (n+1)
Q1= ½ (11+1)
Q1= ½ (12)
Q1= 12/4 (divide)
Q1= 3
{5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17}
 Therefore the Q1 is the 3rd element in the data which is 9
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 Median Value or the middle value

Q2= 2/4 (n+1) = n+1/2 th observation
Q2= 2/4 (11+1)
Q2= 2/4 (12)
Q2= 24/4
Q2= 6 {5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17}
 Therefore the Q2 is the 6th element in the data which is 10
MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD :
A METHOD OF FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE

 Upper Quartile (U)= Position of Q3= ¾ (n+1)

Q3= ¾ (11+1)
Q3= ¾ (12)
Q3= 36/4
Q3= 9 {5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17}
 Therefore the Q3 is the 9th element in the data which is 14
LINEAR INTERPOLATION

 A method of finding the quartile value.

 Is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a
discrete set of known data points.
 It is often required to interpolate, i.e., estimate the value of that function
for an intermediate value of the independent variable.
 We need to use the interpolation if the value of the position is in
decimal form.
LINEAR INTERPOLATION

 Using the formula

Qk= k/4 (n+1)
k= position of the quartile n= total no. of the data
LINEAR INTERPOLATION
 Steps in interpolation method
1. Arrange the scores in ascending order
2. Locate the position of the score in the distribution
3. Since the result is in decimal number, proceed to linear interpolation
4. Find the difference between the two values wherein Q1 is situated
5. Multiply the result in step 2 by the decimal part obtained in step 4
6. Add the result in step 5 to the second smaller number in step 4
LINEAR INTERPOLATION

 Example:
Find the first quartile (Q1), and the third quartile (Q3), Given the
scores of 9 students in their mathematics activity using linear interpolation

{1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 3, 21 }

LINEAR INTERPOLATION

 Step 1 : Arrange the scores in ascending order

{ 1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31 }
 Step 2: Locate the position of the score in the distribution
Position of Q1= ¼(n+1)
Q1= ¼ (9+1)
Q1= 0.25(10)
Q1= 2.5
LINEAR INTERPOLATION

 Step 3: Since the result is in decimal number, proceed to linear interpolation

 Step 4: Find the difference between the two values wherein Q1 is situated
{ 1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31 }
2.5 position
 Q1 is between the values 3 and 7, therefore
= 7-3
=4
LINEAR INTERPOLATION
 Step 5: Multiply the result in step 2 by the decimal part obtained in step
4
= 4 (0.5)
=2
 Step 6: Add the result in step 5 to the second smaller number in step 4
= 2+3
=5
 Therefore the value of Q1 is equal to 5
DECILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA

 The deciles are the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten equal
parts.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9
DECILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA

 Calculating the position deciles

1. Formula
Position of D1 = k/10 (n+1)
 Example:
Find the 7th decile (D7), Given the scores of 11 students in their mathematics
activity.
{ 1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 31, 3, 4, 21 }
DECILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA

 Step 1: Arrange the scores in ascending order

{ 1, 3, 4, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31, 31 }
 Step 2: Locate the Position of the score in the distribution
Position of D7= 7/10 (n+1)
D7= 7/10 (11+1)
D7= 8.4 = 8 (rounded off)
 D7 is the 8th element therefore D7=27
PERCENTILE FOR UNGROUPED FATA

 The percentiles are the ninety-nine score points which divide a

distribution into one hundred equal parts, so that each part
represents the data set.
PERCENTILE FOR UNGROUPED FATA

 Calculating the position of percentile

 Example:
Find the 58th percentile (P58), Given the scores of 10 students in
their mathematics activity using linear interpolation
{ 1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 3, 4, 21 }
PERCENTILE FOR UNGROUPED FATA
 Step 1: Arrange the scores in ascending order
{ 1, 3, 4, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31 }
 Step 2: Locate the position of the scores in the distribution
Position of P58 = 58/100 (n+1)
P58 = 58/100 (10+1)
P58 = 6.38 = 6
 P58 is the 6th element therefore, P58 = 16
THANK YOU !
SUBMITTED TO: MS. LUZ TANHUECO BANDEJES