DRUG ABUSE AND PREVENTION

• Drug is any chemical substance which when

taken into the body, produces a physical,
mental, emotional, or behavioral change in
the user
• However, there is a tendency for their misuse
in our drug-oriented society
• Drug abuse is the use of the drug for other
than medical purposes which results in the
impaired well-being of the user
DRUG ABUSE AND PREVENTION
• Tolerance is a physical adaptation that causes
certain drugs to be less effective
• Physical Dependence involves drug tolerance
and the appearance of withdrawal symptoms
if drug used is immediately stopped
• Psychological Dependence is the emotional
attachment to the drugs’ effects and even to
the process of administering or taking a
substance
COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS
• Hallucinogens or Psychedelics are drugs which
distort a person’s concept of reality and thinking as
well as his perceptions of time, sound, space, and
sensation
• It comes in powder, tablet, capsule, ampule forms
or in saturated sugar cubes that can be taken orally,
sniffed or injected
• E.g. Marijuana, Lysergic, Acid Diethylamide (LSD),
Mescaline, Psilocybin, Phencyclidine (PSP), and
Morning Glory seeds
 COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS
• Stimulants or “Uppers” are drugs that produce
physiological or mental arousal. Specifically, they
can decrease fatigue, increase talkativeness and
physical activity, enhance endurance, diminish
appetite, produce a state of alertness and for a time
elevate mood, often to the point of euphoria
• These are generally swallowed (pills or liquid) or
can be injected into a vein at a regular intervals
• E.g. Amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetanines
(shabu), caffeine (in coffee, tea, and colas), and
nicotine (in tobacco) are stimulants
COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS
• Depressants or “Downers” are drugs that act
on the central nervous system to reduce pain,
tension, and anxiety, to relax and disinhibit,
and to slow down intellectual and motor
activity
• E.g. Sedatives such as babituates, tranquilizers
(librium and valium), narcotics (opium,
morphine, codeine, heroin, and alcohol)
 COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS
• Inhalants are drugs inhaled through the nose.
People inhale drugs to get a quick lift and this
method is sometimes called “snorting”
• The term inhalant more commonly refer to three
categories of products; solvents, aerosols, and
anesthetics
• E.g. Anesthetics; nitrous oxide (painkiller), ether,
and chloroform. Aerosols (which are household
products); shoeshine compounds, insecticides, spray
paints, and hair spray. Solvents (commercial items);
gasoline transmission fluid, rugby and thinner
 WHY DO PEOPLE
TURN TO DRUGS?
The
Precipitating
Factor
01
02
Family
Factors
 Peer Group
Factors 03
Neighborhood

04 or Community
Factors

School Factors
05
 Economic

06 Establishment
Factor

07
Recreational
Center Factor

08
Filipino Values
Factor
 ILL EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
ON INDIVIDUALS
Physical Effects

• Malnutrition
• Dependency
• Skin Infection and Rashes
• Other Diseases
• Damage to Vital Organs
• Sensory Distortion
ILL EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
ON INDIVIDUALS
Social Effects

• Community hazard
• Criminal involvement
• Inadequacy of
communicating with other
 ILL EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
ON INDIVIDUALS
Mental Effects

• Adverse effects on the

central nervous system
• Deterioration of the mind
ILL EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
ON INDIVIDUALS
Economic Effects

• Inability to hold a stable

job
• Dependence on family
resources
• Accidents in industry
 DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION
THE PERSON
1. Understand, accept, and respect himself;
2. Develop his potential and engage in wholesome, productive, and
satisfying activities;
3. Learn to relate effectively with others and have a confidant to whom he
can communicate personal problems freely;
4. Learn to cope with personal problems and other stresses without the
use of drugs;
5. Seek professional help for problems he cannot cope with
6. Develop strong moral and spiritual values;
7. Learn about the effects of drug use, the reasons drug are harmful. and
ways to resist pressures to try drugs; and
8. Use his understanding of drugs to help others avoid the them.
 DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION
THE PARENTS
1.Create warm and friendly atmosphere at home;
2.Develop effective means of communication with children;
3.Take the time to be with the children no matter how busy they
are;
4.Strengthen moral and spiritual values – the foundation of a
strong and stable personality
5.Help children to resist peer pressure to use drugs by
supervising their activities; and
6.Be knowledgable about drugs and signs of drug use. When
symptoms are observed, respond properly.
 DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION
THE TEACHER
1.Know their student’s strengths, weaknesses, needs and
abilities;
2.Are sensitive to their students’ needs and problems;
3.Establish rapport with their students to gain their confidence;
4.Encourage their students to participate in co-curricular
activities which will further enhance their mental health and
strengthen their moral and spiritual values;
5.Use teaching approaches and startegies tthat are effective and
stimulating to the students; and
6.Show models of good behavior.
 DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION
THE SCHOOL
1.Determine the extent and character of drug use, and establish
a means of monitoring the use regularly;
2.Establish clear and specific rules regarding drug use that
include strong, corrective actions;
3.Enforces established policies against drug use fairly and
consistently; and implement security measures to eliminate
drugs on school premises;
4.Implement a comprehensive drug prevention curriculum; and
5.Reach out to the community for support and assistance in
making the school’s anti drug policy.
 DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION
THE COMMUNITY
1. Help schools fight drugs by providing them with expertise and financial
resources of community groups and agencies;
2. Plan and implement social action programs involving young people, civic
groups, religious organization, other professionals to improve
community life;
3. Encourage and support the establishment of preventive centers such as
community guidance clinics;
4. Help in the after-care and follow-up of discharged clients from
residential rehabilitation centers;
5. Strengthen moral and spiritual values; and
6. Coordinate with public and private agencies that could lend assistance
to the drug abuse prevention and control program.
 DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION
THE CHURCH
1.Help in the campaign against drug abuse;
2.Organize programs on the prevention of drug abuse in
the form of lectures, forums, value clarification
exercises, and other related activities;
3.Help in the establishment of drug rehabilitation centers;
4.Enjoin young people to become members of religious
organizations which provide civic and recreational
activities; and
5.Serve as models of exemplary character for the youth.
ALCOHOLISM AND PREVENTION
• Alcohol is a psychoactive drug that depresses the
central nervous system, dulls the mind, impairs
thinking and judgment, lessen coordination, and
interferes with the ability to respond quickly to
dangerous situations (Meeks, Heit and Page,
1996:6)
• It is absorbed into the bloodstream by passing
through the stomach and intestinal walls. Since
alcohol need not to be digested, it’s on its way to
all parts of the body in almost no time
• The drug continues to affect the drinker until the
liver oxidizes all of the alcohol circulating the body
 INTOXICATION DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Behavior may become May vomit and
uncontrolled, reactions are become semi-
slowed conscious

HAPPY CONFUSED COMA

EXCITED STUPOR

Some drinkers become Poor coordination, Unconsciousness, occurs

sociable, relaxed, and disorientation, slurred with possible respiratory
talkative speech are evident paralysis and death
ALCOHOLISM AND PREVENTION
• Intoxication is a set of bad effects that alcohol
has on the body and mind
• Alcoholism is a chronic disease, or disorder of
behavior, characterized by the repeated
drinking of alcoholic beverages to an extent
that exceeds customary dietary use
• It refers to the pattern of alcohol use
characterized by emotional and physical
dependence, as well as general loss of control
over the use of alcohol (Hahn and Payne,
1991)
 TYPES OF DRINKERS
• Social Drinkers are people who have certain
times when alcohol fits into their social life
and can stop drinking without any trouble
• Problem Drinkers are heavy, regular
drinkers who are psychologically
dependent on alcohol
• Alcoholics are psychologically and
physically dependent on alcohol and
cannot control their drinking
 ILL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE
Physiological Effects
• Increased heart rate and skin
temperature
• Perception is distorted
• Poor coordination
• Slurred speech
• Malnutrition
• Hangover miseries
• Increased risk of cirrhosis, ulcers,
heart disease, cancers of liver,
mouth, throat, etc.
• Impaired hearing
• Loss of equilibrium
ILL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE
Psychological Effects
• Impaired judgment and self-control
• Altered or impaired thinking and
reasoning processes
• Poor concentration or diminished
alertness
• Blackouts, memory loss
• Hallucinations
• Loss of inhibitions
• Subject to alcoholic psychoses
• Damage to brain cells
• Death
 WHY DO SOME
PEOPLE DRINK?

Because of
curiosity
01
02
Because of
social pressure
To feel good
and have fun 03
04 To relieve stress
or fatigue

To escape
some problems 05
 06
To enjoy the taste of
alcoholic beverages

07
To be more
at ease

08 To be one of the
crowd
 09
To get high and feel the
tranquilizing effect,
providing a release and
escape from tension

To enhance the

10 pleasure of
relationships
 ALCOHOL ABUSE PREVENTION
WHAT TO DO WHEN DRINKING?
1.Set a limit
2.Know how much you’re drinking
3.Sip – don’t gulp
4.Space drinks. Try alternating food and drinks.
5.Eat a meal. Eat starchy foods.
6.Participate in activities.
7.Watch for signs.
 ALCOHOL ABUSE PREVENTION
WHERE TO GET HELP ON CAMPUS?
1.Health Center
2.School / Guidance
Counseling
3.Peer Counseling Center
4.Student Advisors
 ALCOHOL ABUSE PREVENTION
WHERE TO GET HELP ON COMMUNITY?

1.Private Physicians
2.The National Council on
Alcoholism
3.Other Sources of Help
 SMOKING AND ITS PREVENTION
• For hundred of years, people did not agree
about the harm of tobacco. But in the last
40 years, medical research has proved that
tobacco has many harmful effects
• With each puff of a cigarette, a smoker
comes in contact with more than 3000
chemicals and about 1200 of them are
poisonous
• There are about 1 billion particles in a cubic
centimeter of cigarette smoke
SMOKING AND ITS PREVENTION
• Tar is a gummy mixture of hundreds of
chemicals which contains most of cancer-
causing substances called carcinogens
• Nicotine affects the heart, blood vessels,
digestive tract, kidneys, and nervous
system
• Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless,
poisonous gas in cigarette smoke that
passes through the lungs into the blood
 WHY DO PEOPLE START SMOKING?
So they can be
someone like the Good way to eat less
person they admire or stop nail biting

It is a good way A habit

Remove fears or
to start a
insecurities
conversation
 ILL EFFECTS OF SMOKING
• Back pain • Ear infection
• Bladder cancer • Emphysema
• Breast cancer • Esophageal cancer
• Cervical cancer • Gastrointestinal cancer
• Childhood respiratory ailments • Heart disease
• Diabetes • Infertility
• Drug interaction • Kidney cancer
• Low birth rate • Laryngeal cancer
• Leukemia
 ILL EFFECTS OF SMOKING
• Mouth Cancer
• Nutrition
• Osteoporosis
• Throat Cancer
• Pre mature aging
• Delayed recovery from injury
or surgery
• Stroke
• Tooth Loss
 TIPS FOR QUITTING
SMOKING

Cut down on the

number of cigarettes
gradually 01

02 Decide once and for all

that you want to quit
 03
Avoid people
who smoke

Chew sugarless gums

04 or other healthy
snacks

Drink plenty of
water 05
 06
Begin an exercise
program

07
Avoid alcohol, tea,
coffee, and colas

08
Brush your teeth
often
Tell friends and relative
that you quit smoking 09
Think about all the

10 benefits of being
smoke free
 11
Make a list of what
smoking is costing you

12 If you do smoke
again, don’t give
up