UAV

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE

Introduction

Definition:The UAV is an acronym for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, which is an aircraft with no
pilot on board. UAVs can be remote controlled aircraft (e.g. flown by a pilot at a ground
control station) or can fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more
complex dynamic automation systems.
What are Some Other Names of
UAVs/Drones?

 Quadcopter
 Multicopter
 Hexicopter
 Octorotor
 Hexarotor
Working principle of drones

 Drones uses rotors for propulsion and control. A rotor is like a fan because
they work pretty much same. Spinning blades push air down. And as
forces comes in pairs as rotor pushes down on the air, the air pushes upon
the rotor.
 In simple language pressure difference between upper and lower part
create required force to lift the drone.
 This is how forces generated make a drone fly.
Quadcopter Anatomy
It means complete study of structure and
working of drone.
 Quadcopter Anatomy
A. Props
•drone props typically consist of two
puller and two pusher props
• pushers rotate in opposite direction
of pullers to allow for flight
•“standard” also used to describe puller
•Also known as propellers, rotors
B. Motors
•quadcopters use motors to turn
propellers
•Brushed- cheaper but cheaper quality
•Brushless – typically higher quality;
more complicated;
 Quadcopter Anatomy

C. Electronic Speed Controller D. Flight Controller/ Autopilot

•Needed to control the brushless •Assists manual flights along with

motors some autonomous function
•Abbreviated ESC
 Quadcopter Anatomy

E. Airframe F. Battery Pack

•consists of the housing enclosing the •powers the quadcopters electronics

electronics, motor booms(arms), and and keeps propellers turning
platform •often Lipoly battery
•Also called “chassis”
 Quadcopter Anatomy

G. Camera Gimbal H. Landing Struts

•the rotating platform for the camera •legs that the drone rests on when it
• allows user to angle the camera is grounded
during flight
 Quadcopter Anatomy

I. Front Indicator J. First-Person Video Camera

•operators use different methods to •camera that allows images to be
indicate the front of the UAV such as transmitted to the user
• LEDs
•reflective material
•different colored props
•and so on
 Quadcopter Anatomy

K. Receiver
•Translates the user’s instructions for
the flight controller
Material used in UAVs

 Carbon fibre composite parts are usually glued or mechanically fastened

together. Sheet and plate are generally made from resin bonded layers
of carbon fibre sheet. In some parts, resin is combined with "chopped“
carbon fibres and extruded through a heated die into the desired
shape(this type of material is costly and used for professional working of
drone).
 Wood, plastics can be used for cheap drones which may not work
effectively.
 This type of materials make drone lighter, stronger And feasible to flying.
Components of a Drone

This makes the Flight Controller Work

1. Microcontroller
 The microcontroller is the brains of the flight controller
 Collects measurements from all of its sensors (more on those later)
 Tells the motors what to do based on both the sensors and the user inputs
 Often connected to a ground station through a radio and connected to a
human pilot through a remote control link (more on those later)
Components of a Drone

2. Inertial Measurement Unit 3. Global Positioning System

•Necessary for autonomous flights
•provides location and time
•Incorporates Accelerometer, information
compass, gyroscope
•Abbreviated GPS
•Abbreviated IMU
 Components of a Drone

4. Attitude & Heading Reference 5. Transmitter

System
•Tells where the aircraft is moving •Transmits the instructions to the
and what orientation it is in receiver via radio waves
•Abbreviated AHRS
Application of UAVs/DRONES

 Military purposes
 Aerial photography
 Digital archeology
 Environmental analysis
 Agricultural analysis
 Gas mapping
 Coastal surveys
 Film making
 Surveying