THE LITERATURE OF

REFORM, REVOLUTION,
AND PATRIOTISM
Geographic Dimensions

The literary works on the revolutionary era of

Panay depicts the following:

• The beauty of the Philippine sceneries.

• The wealth of Philippine’s natural resources.
Linguistic Dimensions

•Hiligaynon was widely used in the literature

of Panayanons during the revolutionary era.
Many works are written on this during 1900
to 1930, also called the “ Golden Age of
Hiligaynon Literature”.
Linguistic Dimensions

The following are some works written on Hiligaynon:

1. Ang Nagahigugma sa Iya Duta- first Hiligaynon Sarswela staged
on 1906.
2. Dutang Olipon- a collection of Poems written by Ilonggo poet
and playwright Jose Ingalla.
3. Maragtas- a chronicle based on the folk history of Panay.
Maragtas
 Linguistic Dimensions

• During the American regime, writers experimented by

writing in the English language. However, there is still an
evident utilization of various Philippine languages in poetry.

• There were also experimentations on using imagism,

symbolism, surrealism, and expressionism.

• Free verse or Hilwaybilay in Hiligaynon was also attempted.

 Linguistic Dimensions

• Works written on American regime:

1. Sa Dalagang Ilong-Ilonganon- A tribute to the
beauty and virtue of the Ilonggo women.
2. Ambahanon sa Kaluwasan- expressed Filipino’s
resentment on American intervention.
3. Amay ukon Iloy- balagatasan between Serrapion
Torre and Delfin Gumban.
Cultural Dimensions

• Topics like the flag, culture and language were utilized and served as
symbols of the “motherland” and the genuine Filipino spirit.

• The Religiousness of Filipinos were also shown in the literary work at

the time. Some religious literary forms are as follows:
1. Loa- novena prayers.
2. Vida- short narratives found in novena pamphlets which
recounts the life of a saint or a saintly person.
Cultural Dimensions

• The patriotism of Filipinos were also shown in

the literature on the revolutionary period. The
themes were the desire for freedom from
foreign oppression and pointed heroes of
Revolution as their sources of inspiration.