Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Presented by:
Prabhleen Kaur
L-2017-AE-44-BIV
B.Tech 3rd Year (Agri. Engg.)
College of Agricultural Engineering and
Technology
Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004
Contents:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_(mechanical_engineering)
Transmission shafts
■ Used to transmit power between the source and the
machine absorbing power
■ Example-counter shafts,line shafts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_(mechanical_engineering)
Machine shafts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_(mechanical_engineering)
Shaft Power
http://www.fao.org/3/u2246e/u2246e02.htm
Power from shaft formula
■ P=T.ω
P= 2 π.N.T watts
60
where P=power transmitted(watts)
T=torque produced(Nm)
ω=angular velocity(rad/sec)
N=speed of shaft (rpm)
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/strength-of-materials/9789332514829/xhtml/ch6sec6.xhtml
Shaft
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_(mechanical_engineering)
Biomass conversion
techniques
Thermochemical Bio-chemical
Combustion Digestion
Pyrolysis
Fermentation
Gasification
https://www.slideshare.net/aslam55/biomass-conversion-technologies
Use of biomass as a fuel
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Rankine_cycle
Otto Cycle
https://engineeringinsider.org/otto-cycle-processes/
Power generation through biomass
http://www.i15.p.lodz.pl/strony/EIC/res/Description_of_technology_bi
omass_power.html
Shaft power from Biomass
• For external engines:
Combusting the biomass directly
• For internal engines:
Biogas
Producer gas
Ethanol
https://farm-energy.extension.org/biogas-utilization-and-cleanup/
Units for Shaft Power
■ 𝑊𝑚 =Watt mechanical
■ 𝑊𝑡ℎ = Watt thermal
■ 𝑊𝑚 = 𝜂𝑊𝑡ℎ
where 𝜂= system efficiency
Shaft power from biomass by direct
burning
■ Calorific value of dry biomass(wood)=18 MJ/kg
or 1 kg of dry biomass=18 MJ of energy
■ 1kWh of energy= 1000 W* 3600 s
= 3.6 MJ of energy
1kWh
■ 1 kg of dry biomass=18 MJ *
3.6MJ
=5 kWh (thermal)
http://www.kominkowe.info/en/wartosc-opalowa/
Shaft power from biomass by direct
burning
■ As 𝑊𝑚 =𝜂 𝑊𝑡ℎ
■ Let 𝜂(system efficiency)=45%
■ 1 kg of dry biomass=45% of 5kWh
=2.25 kWh(mechanical)
Shaft Power from Biogas
■ As 𝑊𝑚 =𝜂 𝑊𝑡ℎ
■ Let 𝜂(system efficiency)=33%
■ 1N 𝑚3 of biogas=5.5 kWh(thermal)
■ 𝑊𝑚 =33% of 5.5 kwh
=1.815kWh(mechanical)
Shaft power from Producer gas
• Calorific Value of producer gas=5 MJ/N𝑚3
or 1 N𝑚3 of producer gas=5MJ of energy
• 1 kWh of energy=3.6 MJ
3 1kwh
• 1 N 𝑚 of producer gas=5 MJ *
3.6MJ
= 1.38 kWh(thermal)
• As 𝑊𝑚 = 𝜂 𝑊𝑡ℎ
• Let 𝜂=33%
http://thermopedia.com/content/1062/
Shaft power from Producer gas
Water
Building or
Stem Facility
Boiler Generator
Turbine
Grid
Fuel
https://www.epa.gov/chp/what-chp
Biomass Cogeneration system
https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/prime-mover/
Feed stock for Biomass Cogeneration
system
■ Byproducts of food, fiber, and forest production such as
sawdust
rice husks
wheat straw
corn stalks
■ Forest residues and wood wastes represent a large energy
potential source
■ Energy crops are primarily produce for feedstock
hybrid poplars
switch grass
https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/prime-mover/
References:
Slide no. Reference
4,5,6,9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_(mechanical_en
gineering)
7 http://www.fao.org/3/u2246e/u2246e02.htm
8 https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/strength-of-
materials/9789332514829/xhtml/ch6sec6.xhtml
10 https://www.slideshare.net/aslam55/biomass-
conversion-technologies
12 https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Rankine_
cycle
Slide no. Reference
13 https://engineeringinsider.org/otto-cycle-
processes/
14 http://www.i15.p.lodz.pl/strony/EIC/res/Descripti
on_of_technology_biomass_power.html
15 https://farm-energy.extension.org/biogas-
utilization-and-cleanup/
17,18 http://www.kominkowe.info/en/wartosc-opalowa/
19,20 https://farm-energy.extension.org/biogas-
utilization-and-cleanup/
Slide no. Refernce
21,22 http://thermopedia.com/content/1062/
23,24 http://thecartech.com/subjects/engine/fuel_c
alorific_value.htm
26,28,29 https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/prime-
mover/
27 https://www.epa.gov/chp/what-chp
THANK YOU