Open Self Blind Self

(The adjectives you and your classmates (The adjectives only your friends have
have written about you) written about you)

Hidden Self Dark Self

(The adjectives only you have written (The adjectives that were not written by
about yourself) both you and your classmates)
• 1. What does the Open Self Quadrant imply?
• What does the Blind Self Quadrant mean?
• How about the Hidden Self and Dark Self
Quadrants? What do they tell you?
JOHARI WINDOW (FOUR QUADRANT
GRID)

-developed by Joseph Luft and Harry

Ignham in 1955, a tool used to visually
present a person’s character.
 1. Distinguish the Types of
Speech Context
2. Give sample situations
of Intrapersonal,
Interpersonal and Public
Communication
3. Analyze the proper
nonverbal aspects
(behavior) in each speech
context. (through a graphic organizer)
INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
 Self-reflection

Self-reactions
beliefs
Opinions,
thoughts
 The source who encodes, and
recipient who decodes; therefore is
one and the same person while the
channel maybe in the form of
reflection or journal writing.
 Dyad

Interpersonal

group
DYAD
GROUP
PUBLIC
Intrapersonal
Body language :
scratching of head because of confusion
Kent scratched his head when he was confused in
his gender. Kent : I can’t really identify my gender
right now. Hhhmm. Let me check? Am I ready to be a
woman? Or not? Uggghhh! I just don’t know!”
(scratches his head)
Intrapersonal
Silence:
silence for ignorance of responsibility
Lorelie knew that she has to finish the activity before
due time, saying “Hala naa paman diay koi
buhaton!!” and ignored the whole thought.
Intrapersonal
Three aspects of intrapersonal communication
are self-concept, perception and expectation.

1. Self-concept / Self-Awareness
- Beliefs
- Values
- Attitudes
Intrapersonal
Three aspects of intrapersonal communication
are self-concept, perception and expectation.

2. Perception
3. Expectation
a. Internal discourse
b. Solo vocal communication
c. Solo written communication
Interpersonal
• DYAD
Proxemics – 6 to 18 inches

Lounel and Jenny are long-time friends

and they were seen hugging.
Why should appropriate language
be observed in using a particular
speech style?
Group Activity. With the same group, write a
short original play which employs the various
speech contexts and speech styles. Present it in
class.
• use facial expressions and body gestures of the
following:
• a. first day of class
• b. exams week
• c. effects of Facebook addiction
• d. marriage
• e. filming a movie
• Find any professional in your community, and
conduct an interview on his/her strategies in
developing his/her interpersonal and
intrapersonal skills in the workplace. Have a
video recording of your interview, after
seeking the permission of your interviewee.
Consider the following in your interview.
• 1. Planning
• a. Determine the purpose of the interview.
• b. State the major points clearly.
• c. Choose the right person to be interviewed.
• d. Consider the date, time, and place of the
• 2. Interview Stage
• a. Bear in mind the purpose of the interview.
• b. Relax and be polite, patient, and
considerate.
• c. Show courtesy and respect to your
interviewee. Do not give your opinions.
• d. Thank your interviewee after the interview.
 1. Distinguish the Types of
Speech Style
2. Identify social situations
3. in which each speech style
is appropriate to use.
3. Observe the appropriate
language forms in
using a particular
speech style.
 INTIMATE SPEECH STYLE
• Completely private language used within family
of very close friends or group Uses personal
language codes
• Grammar is unnecessary
• Does not need complete language
• Certain terms of endearment, slangs or
expressions whose meaning is shared with a
small subset of persons to person
Examples: national pledge,
anthem, school creeds, marriage
ceremonies, speech for a state
ceremony
 CASUAL STYLE

• Language used between

friends
• Often very relaxed and focused
on just getting the information
out.
• Slangs are quite often used in
these instances
• This style is used in informal
situations and language.
• Relationship between speaker
and hearer is closed.
Examples: casual conversations
with friends, family members,
chats, phone calls and messages
 FORMAL STYLE
• Used in speaking to medium to large
groups
• May also be used in single hearers-
strangers, older persons, professional
• Speaker must frame whole sentences
ahead before they are delivered
• Avoids using slang terminologies
language is comparatively rigid and has a
set, agreed upon vocabulary that is well
documented; is often of a standard
Examples: meetings, speeches, school
lessons, court, a corporate meeting, at
a swearing in ceremony, in an
interview or in a classroom
 FROZEN STYLE
• Used generally in very formal setting.
• Most formal communicative style for respectful
situation
• Does not require any feedback from the
audience
• Usually uses long sentences with good
grammar and vocabulary
• The use of language is fixed and relatively static
 CONSULTATIVE STYLE
• Used in semi-formal communication
• Happens in two-way participation
• Most operational among other styles
• Speaker does not usually plan what he
wants to say
• Sentences end to be shorter and
spontaneous
Examples: regular conversation at schools,
companies, group discussion, teacher-
student, doctor-patient, expert-apprentice
Identify 5 social situations in which each speech
style is appropriate to use.

Intimate Speech –
Casual Speech -
Consultative Speech -
Formal -
Frozen -
B. Identify the type of speech style appropriate
for the following situations. Write your answer
before the number.
1. talking to a counselor or psychiatrist
• 2. giving last-minute instructions to players
• 3. delivering campaign speeches
• 4. delivering a speech at the UN Summit
• 5. delivering news reports
• 6. talking and laughing about memorable
experiences
• 7. communicating while playing sports
• 8. having a one-on-one conversation with a
loved one
• 9. delivering an oratorical speech
• 10. leading a prayer before meal
• 11. reading school policies
• 12. talking to a superior
• 13. reading pledge of allegiance to the flag
• 14. talking to a stranger
• 15. inquiring at a hotel
 1. Distinguish the Types of
Speech Acts
2. Identify the meaning
behind each type
of speech act in the
Situation
3. State the importance of
classifying and
understanding
the speech act in every situation
Locution

SPEECH
a. What greeting is
used by the customer
service agent?
b. What form of
personal identification
is used by the agent?
c. What pre-closing
signals are used by
the agent?
d. What closing is
used by the agent?
 Speech Act
Speech Act is an
utterance that serves
a function in
communication. We
perform speech acts
when we offer an
apology, greeting,
request, complaint,
invitation, compliment
or refusal.
refer to the moments in which
statements occur in the
communicative act within a given
context.

are group of utterances with a

single interactional function.
A speech act is an utterance that a
speaker makes to achieve an intended
effect. Some of the functions which are
carried out using speech acts are offering
an apology, greeting, request, complaint,
invitation, compliment, or refusal. A
speech act might contain just one word or
several words or sentences. For example,
“Thanks” and “Thank you for always being
there for me. I really appreciate it” both
show appreciation regardless of the length
of the statement.
Proposed by John Langshaw Austin in 1962.

He is one of the founders of pragmatic and

later developed by John R. Searle in 1969,
both philosophers of language.
 Speech Act
• J.L. Austin (1911-1960) claims that many
utterances (things people say) are
equivalent to actions.
• Austin suggested that most utterances are
created not to ‘describe’, but to perform
action
• His approach was not of „What do
sentences mean?” but „What kind of act do
we perform when we utter a sentence?”
3 Types of Speech Act

LOCUTION = physical
utterance by the speaker
ILLOCUTION = the intended
meaning of the utterance by
the speaker
PERLOCUTION = the action
that results from the locution
 3 Types of Speech Act

• 1. Locutionary act is the actual act of uttering.

• “Please do the dishes.”
•
• 2. Illocutionary act is the social function of
• what is said.
• By uttering the locution “Please do the dishes,” the
speaker requests the addressee to wash the dishes.
 3 Types of Speech Act

• Perlocutionary act is the resulting act of

• what is said. This effect is based on the particular
context in which the speech act was mentioned.
• “Please do the dishes” would lead to the addressee
washing the dishes.
3 Types of Speech Act

1. Locution (Utterance)

2. Illocution (Intention)

3. Perlocution (Response)
For example, read the following
utterance.
“Can you pass the rice?”
• Inferred speech act: Do you have the
ability to hand over the rice?
• Indirect speech act: Please pass the rice.
For example, read the following
utterance.
“Can you pass the rice?”
• Inferred speech act: Do you have the
ability to hand over the rice?
• Indirect speech act: Please pass the rice.
For example, read the following
utterance.
“Can you pass the rice?”
• Inferred speech act: Do you have the
ability to hand over the rice?
• Indirect speech act: Please pass the rice.
LOCUTIONARY
ACT something
: performing an act of saying

:the basic act of utterance or

producing a meaningful
expression

: when someone produces the

utterance
It is a belonging to a certain
vocabulary…and as conforming to a
certain grammar,…with a certain
more or less definite sense and
reference.
Example:
It is raining outside!
ILLOCUTIONARY
ACT :: performed
performed via
via the
the
communicative
communicative force
force of
of an
an
utterance.
utterance.

:performing an act to say

something
 We form an utterance
with some kind of
function in mind.
Searle’s Classifications of
Speech Act
• As a response to Austin’s Speech Act Theory,
John Searle (1976), a professor from the
University of California, Berkeley, classified
illocutionary acts into five distinct categories.
Levels of Action (Types
of illocutionary acts)
Assertive – a type of illocutionary
act in which the speaker expresses
belief about the truth of a
proposition. Some examples of an
assertive act are suggesting,
putting forward, swearing,
boasting, and concluding.
Levels of Action (Types
of illocutionary acts)
Example:
No one makes better pancakes
than I do.
Levels of Action (Types
of illocutionary acts)
constitutes:
affirming confirming

announcing
answering
 Levels of Action (Types of
illocutionary acts)
Directive – a type of illocutionary act
in which the speaker tries to make the
addressee perform an action. Some
examples of a directive act are asking,
ordering, requesting, inviting,
advising, and begging.
Levels of Action (Types of
illocutionary acts)

Example:
Please close the door.
Levels of Action (Types of
illocutionary acts)
commissives:
Commissive – a type of illocutionary act
which commits the speaker to doing
something in the future. Examples of a
commissive act are promising,
planning, vowing, and betting.
Levels of Action (Types of
illocutionary acts)
commissives:

Example:
From now on, I will participate in
our group activity.
Levels of Action
s (Types of
illocutionary acts)
Expressive – a type of illocutionary
act in which the speaker expresses
his/her feelings or emotional
reactions. Some examples of an
expressive act are thanking,
apologizing, welcoming, and
deploring.
Levels of Action
s (Types of
illocutionary acts)
Expressive – a type of illocutionary
act in which the speaker expresses
his/her feelings or emotional
reactions. Some examples of an
expressive act are thanking,
apologizing, welcoming, and
deploring.
Levels of Action
s (Types of
illocutionary acts)

Example:
I am so sorry for not helping out in
our group projects and letting you
do all the work.
 Levels of Action
s (Types of
illocutionary acts)
Declaration – a type of illocutionary act
which brings a change in the external
situation. Simply put, declarations bring into
existence or cause the state of affairs which
they refer to. Some examples of declarations
are blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding,
passing a sentence, and excommunicating.
Levels of Action
s (Types of
illocutionary acts)
Example:
You are fired!
By saying that someone is fired, an
employer causes or brings about the
person’s unemployment, thus changing
his external situation.
PERLOCUTIONARY
ACT Performing an act to see the
effects of the utterance on the
listener
Reveals the effect the speaker
wants to exercise over the
hearer

This is also known as the

perlocutionary effect performing an
act by saying something Would you
close the door, please?
 Performatives
Austin also introduced the concept of performative
utterances: statements which enable the speaker
to perform something just by stating it. In this
manner, verbs that execute the speech act that
they intend to effect are called performatives. A
performative utterance said by the right person
under the right circumstances results in a change in
the world. Note that certain conditions have to be
met when making a performative utterance.
 Performatives

• For example, the phrase “I now pronounce you

husband and wife,”
 Performatives

• For example, the phrase “I now pronounce you

husband and wife,”
 Always keep in mind that speech acts
include concrete life interactions that require
the appropriate use of language within a
given culture. Communicative competence
(i.e., the ability to use linguistic knowledge to
effectively communicate with others) is
essential for a speaker to be able to use and
understand speech acts. Idioms and other
nuances in a certain language might be lost
or misunderstood by someone who does not
fully grasp the language yet.
Example
A bartender utters the words, “The bar will be
closed in five minutes, “

The locutionary act of saying that the bar will be closed in

five minutes , where what is said is reported by indirect
quotation. The illocutionary act in saying this, the
bartender is informing the patrons of the bar’s imminent
closing and perhaps also the act of urging them to order a
last drink. The bartender intends to be performing the
perlocutionary acts of causing the patrons to believe that
the bar is about to close and of getting them to order
one last drink.
Work with a partner. Complete the following table
with information related to Searle’s Classification
of Speech Acts.

Classification of Specific Situation Example

Speech Act

Assertive Chris bought a “I’m the only one

new gadget, and in school who
he shows it off to has this new
his friends. iPhone model.”
 A. Enumerate the following:
1. Types of Speech Context
2. Types of Speech Style
3. Types of Speech Act
4. Categories of Illocutionary
Speech Act
 B. Define the following with
your own understanding:
1. Intrapersonal
Communication
2. Interpersonal Communication
3. Speech Act
4. Performatives
5. Inferred Speech
Complete the following table with the needed
information based on the given statements.

Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary

(type and the (what is/would be
purpose) the response of
the receiver)
1. “I’m the only Assertive, the The hearer would
one in school who speaker boasts his believe, be
has this new new phone insecure and
iPhone model.” encouraged to buy
his own. Also, he
would feel
annoyed.
 Complete the following table with the needed
information based on the given statements.
Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary
(type and the purpose) (what is/would be the
response of the
receiver)

1. The police
negotiator says:
'If you release
the children,
we'll allow the
press to publish
your demands.
 Complete the following table with the needed
information based on the given statements.
Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary
(type and the purpose) (what is/would be the
response of the
receiver)

2. “From now
on, I’ll do my
homework.”
 Complete the following table with the needed
information based on the given statements.
Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary
(type and the purpose) (what is/would be the
response of the
receiver)
3. Teacher Z: The
Exam will be on
Friday and
Saturday, so you
must settle your
accounts as early
as possible.
 Complete the following table with the needed
information based on the given statements.
Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary
(type and the (what is/would be
purpose) the response of
the receiver)

4. Evelyn: Jim, my love..

I will go to café with my
friends tonight.
Jimmy: The weather’s
not fine tonight.
 Complete the following table with the needed
information based on the given statements.
Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary
(type and the purpose) (what is/would be the
response of the
receiver)
5. Pastor says
“The worship is
over. Let the
service begin!
Walk in peace!”
D. Analyze the given scenario by answering the
following questions.

Willa was too unfriendly to converse with Anna,

their new housemaid. One time, they were only
the ones who’ve been working in the kitchen.
Willa said to Anna “How'd you like to hand me
that ingredient?”

1. What do you think is the intention of Willa in her

speech to Anna?
2. If you were Anna, how would you respond to
Willa? Explain your answer.
Answer the questions briefly and
concisely.
1. Is intrapersonal communication as
important as interpersonal
communication? Why?

2. How does the number of participants,

both speakers and listeners, affect the type
of communication that happens?

3. Why is context an important factor to

consider in any communication process?
 Evelyn: Jim, my love.. I will go
to café with my friends tonight.
Jimmy: The weather’s not fine
tonight.
 Donna shouting
“FIIIIIIRRRREEE!!!!!!”
Faith: Hey Shaira! Come with
us!
Shaira: I’m busy!
Shaira: What are we gonna do?
Clarisse : (silence) ….I’m so
hungry.
 Kent: Liza!!! Wait! I still want
you! I love you!
Kent: I don’t love you anymore.
Teacher Z: The Exam will be on
Friday and Saturday, so you
must settle your accounts as
early as possible.
 1. “Go do your homework!”
2. “I’ll do my homework later.”
3. “I can do better than them.”
4. “The worship is over. Let the
service begin! Walk in
peace!”