Growth

It is the process of physical maturation

resulting an increase in size of the
body and various organs.
It occurs by multiplication of cells and
an increase in intracellular substance.
It is the QUANTITATIVE changes in the
body.
 Development
 It is the process of functional and physiological
maturation of the individual.
 It is a progressive increase in SKILLS and
CAPACITY to function.
 It is related to maturation and myelination of the
nervous system.
 It includes changes in psychological, emotional
and social changes.
 it is the QUALITATIVE changes of the self.
1.Physical – body growth that includes height and weight changes.
2.Mental – intellectual development, problem solving
3. Emotional – refers to feelings and includes dealing with love,
hate, joy, fear, excitement, and other similar feelings.
4. Social – refers to interactions and relationships with other
people.
It is the completion of growth
and development within the
organism, the unfolding of an
individual’s inherent traits or
potentials.
Physical Maturation focuses on the Cognitive Maturation is the way we
physical changes that occur as we age. change our thinking patterns throughout the
lifespan and our principles in life.
 HEREDITY ENVIRONMENT
 Environmental (nurture) is the sum total
 Heredity (nature) is the transmission of the forces or experiences that a
of traits or characteristics from person undergoes from every stages of
parents to offspring. life.

 It is through the genes, hereditary  It refers to all the environmental

variables that impact who we are,
potentials like physical, mental,
including our early childhood
social, emotional and moral traits experiences, how we were raised, our
are passed down to generation. social relationships, and our
surrounding culture.
1. Infancy: birth to (1) year
2. Early Childhood: 1-6 years
3. Late childhood: 6-12 years
4. Adolescence: 12-18 years
5. Early Adulthood: 19-40 years
6. Middle Adulthood: 40-65 years
7. Late Adulthood: 65 years and older
 birth to 1 year
Physical development: The most
dramatic and rapid changes in growth and
development happen during the first year of
life.
Mental development: infants make their
needs known by crying. They cannot speak
yet, but are able to understand some words
by six months old. By one year, they
understand many words and use single
words in their vocabulary.
Needs: infants are dependent on others for
all their needs. Love and security are
essential for emotional and social growth.
Stimulation is essential for mental growth.
 1 to 6 years of age
Mental development – verbal growth
progresses, short attention span, at end of stage
ask questions, recognize letters, and some
words
Emotional: “terrible twos”-children become
frustrated when they cannot perform as desired.
They can become stubborn.
Needs: still include food, rest, shelter, love,
and security. They must learn to be responsible
and to follow rules. This is accomplished by
making reasonable demands based on the
child’s ability.
 6 to 10 years of age
Physical: Also known as preadolescence. Most of
the baby teeth are lost and permanent teeth erupt.
During ages 10-12, secondary sexual characteristics
may begin to develop in some children.
Mental: developing quickly and much of the child’s
life centers around school. Reading and writing skills
are learned, understand abstract concepts like
honesty, loyalty, values and morals
Emotional: Fears surrounding starting school are
brought under control. By ages 10-12, sexual
maturation and body changes can lead to periods of
depression followed by periods of joy.
Needs: The same as infancy and early childhood but
now peer acceptance is added.
 10 to 16 years of age
Fat deposition just prior to adolescent growth spurt
- 9 to 10 years of age in girls
- 11-12 years of age in boys
Physical: physical changes are most dramatic in the early period.
Growth spurts occur that can affect coordination. Puberty occurs
where secondary sexual characteristics and sexual organs mature.
Sexual characteristics include development of pubic hair, facial hair for
males, and breasts for females.
Mental: growth primarily involves increase in knowledge and
sharpening of skills. Conflict occurs when adolescents are treated both
as children and adults, or told to ‘grow up’ while being reminded that
they are ‘still children’.
Emotional: often stormy and in conflict. Trying to establish
independence and identities.
Social: spending more time with friends than family. Seek security in
groups of people their own age.
Needs: In addition to basic needs, adolescents need reassurance,
support and understanding.
 10-14 years of age
Physical Development - In this stage, children are
entering puberty. Hair growth, body odor, and
menstruation begin to happen. For girls, their breasts
start to develop. Boys often develop lower voices.
Intellectual Development – They are still very
focused on the present and cannot consider the long-
term consequences of what they do or say.
Emotional Development - Due to many physical
changes that they go thru this stage, it can be quite
emotional roller coaster, Low self-esteem, mood
swings, aggression, and even depression are common.
Social Development – While most social interaction
likely happened with the family and close friends
before this stage, kids generally start to expand their
social interactions to groups of peers outside the “inner
circle” dynamic at this point.
 15 to 17 years old
Physical Development – At this point, most children
reach their adult height. Males often begin to focus on
exercising and grooming. Females at this stage tend to be
very aware of their physical appearance, too.
Intellectual Development – As children move at this
stage, they generally develop the ability to think thru and
solve complex problems for the first time. They also
become more willing and be able to think about the future
and what it holds for them.
Emotional Development – This can be a weird
emotional time as they often be striving for independence
while at the same time craving the security provided by the
parents and their home.
Social Development – At this point, there’s typically a
focus on finding peer groups and friends that they can
confide in. also, this is generally the first time they think
about forming romantic relationships.
 18 to 21 years of age
Physical Development – While much of their physical
development will be over at this point, it’s often the case that
they become more interested in fitness and maintaining a
strong and attractive physical appearance.
Intellectual Development – By this stage, they’re often
able to see the “bigger picture” and develop a better
understanding of how their choices and actions affect their
long-term future. It’s also often the case that they begin to
develop “street smarts.”
Emotional Development – At this point, they’ll generally
begin to develop more confidence in themselves as their social
circles expand and romantic relationships become front-of-
mind. This can also be a stressful time, as it’s often the first
time they’re forced to think about their career choice.
Social Development – As they near the end of adolescence
and begin to develop more confidence, it’s often the case that
their social circles begin to expand beyond the “cliques” that
were common during their middle adolescence.
 20 to 40 years of age
Physical Development – Usually the most productive
life stage. Physical development is basically complete. This
is the prime time for childbearing.
Intellectual Development – Formal education
continues, young adults may choose to marry and start
families.
Emotional Development – May experience stress
related to careers, marriage, family.
Social Development – Development frequently involves
moving away from peers to association with coworkers and
mates. Young adults do not necessarily accept traditional
sex roles and adopt nontraditional roles. For example,
males may become nurses or secretaries, females may
take administrative or construction positions
 40 to 65 years of age
Physical Development – changes begin to occur. Hair
begins to gray and thin, skin begins to wrinkle, hearing loss
starts, vision declines, and weight gain occurs.
Intellectual Development – mental ability can continue to
increase. This is a period when individuals understand life and
have learned to cope with many of its stresses.
Emotional Development – can be a period of contentment
or crisis. Emotional status varies depending on life changes
revolving around children growing up and leaving home, job
satisfaction, financial success, good health.
Social Development - The mid life restructures a person’s
social life as his parents become ill, he himself becomes a
parent or a grandparent and he has to fulfill multiple duties that
a middle aged person has to fulfill at work or at home give this
phase the name “sandwich generation.”
 65 years and older
Physical Development – Physical development are on
the decline. All body systems are affected. Skin becomes
dry, wrinkled, and thinner. Hair becomes thin and bones
become brittle and more likely to break. Muscle loses tone,
nervous system can cause intolerance to temperature
changes.
Intellectual Development – Mental abilities vary among
individuals. While some elderly people continue to learn,
others have mental declines that can affect short-term
memory. Many individuals can clearly rememer events that
occurred 20 years ago, but don’t remember yesterday’s
events. Diseases such as alzheimer’s disease can lead to
irreversible loss of memory, intellectual function, speech,
and disorientation.
 65 years and older
Emotional Development – Varies depending on
individual’s ability to cope. Some remain happy and enjoy
life, while others may become lonely, frustrated, depressed
and withdrawn.
Social Development – Late adulthood is a time in
people’s lives when they come to terms with their lives and
reevaluate what they have done or accomplished in the lieu
of what they still would like to accomplish for the remainder
of their lives.
Needs - in addition to those of all other life stages, the
elderly need a sense of belonging, self-esteem, financial
security, social acceptance, and love.
We develop thru experiences and movement of our 5 senses. Our brain
wants to see, hear, smell, taste and touch as much as possible. First, we
start with simple reflexes and soon after we develop our first habits. From
4 months old, we become aware of things beyond our own body and then
as we get older we learn to do things intentionally. A key milestone is the
DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING MEMORY or in PIAGET’S TERM, OUR
REALIZATION OF OBJECT PERMANENCE.
Our thinking is mainly categorized thru symbolic functions and intuitive thoughts. We
have lots of fantasies and believe objects are alive. As we are not able to apply
specific cognitive operations, Piaget called this stage PRE-OPERATIONAL. We learn
to speak and understand that words, images, and gestures are symbol for something
else. At around age 4, most of us become very curious and ask many questions, we
want to know everything. We can call it the BIRTH OF PRIMITIVE REASONING,
Piaget calls it the INTUTIVE AGE because while we realize that we have a vast
amount of knowledge we have no idea how we acquire it.
We finally discover logic and we develop concrete cognitive operations
such as sorting objects in a certain order. One example of this is
INDUCTIVE REASONING which said that if we see someone eating
cookie we can draw a conclusion and then make a generalization and we
now get the concept of CONSERVATION. We understand that if we pour
orange juice from a normal glass to a taller one the amount stays the
same. Our brain helps to rearrange our thoughts to classify and build
concrete operational mental structures. We begin to understand that our
thoughts and feelings are unique and not necessarily those of others.
Once we become teenagers, we become formally operational. We now have the ability to think
more rationally about abstract concepts and hypothetical events. Our advance cognitive abilities
allow us to understand abstract concepts such as success and failure, love and hate. We form a
deeper understanding about our own identity and our morality. We now also think that we
understand why people behave the way they do and as a result can become more
compassionate. Our brain can now do DEDUCTIVE REASONING, which means we can compare
two statements and reach a logical generalization. Our new mental skill allow us to plan our lives
systematically and prioritize, and we can make assumptions about events that have no necessary
relation to reality. We can now also philosophize and just think about thinking itself. Our new
sense for our identity now also creates egocentric thoughts and some start to see an imaginary
audience watching them all the time.
“Loving yourself is not
vanity. It is SANITY!”
