Sunteți pe pagina 1din 21

green fuels

Introduction
Conventional Fuels
 Fossil fuels(petroleum , coal)and nuclear materials such as
uranium.
Green Fuels
 Also known as non-conventional fuels.
 Any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other
than conventional fuels.
 Which is consumed to provide energy to power an engine.
TYPES OF green Fuels
There are a few alternatives:
Ethanol
Natural gas
Propane
Hydrogen
Biodiesel
Methanol
ETHANOL
 Ethanol is a alcohol-based alternative fuel
produced by fermenting and distilling
starch crops that have been converted
into simple sugars .Feed stocks for this fuel
include corn ,barley and wheat.

 It can also be produced from “cellulosic


biomass” such as tree and grasses is
called bio ethanol . Ethanol is mostly use
to improve the emission quality of
gasoline.
Advantages of ethanol
 Much cleaner, it burns more
cleanly(more complete combustion)
 Can reduce the net emission of
greenhouse gases.
 The fuel spills are more easily
biodegraded or diluted to non toxic
concentrations.
 Can use any plant for production.
Disadvantages of ethaol
 Destroyed habitats including
rainforests.
 Willincrease food prices around
the world.
 Pureethanol is also difficult to
vaporise.
 Not as efficient as petroleum.
Natural gas
 Natural gas is a mixture of
hydrocarbons , mainly methane and is
produced either from gas wells or in
conjunction with crude oil production
.Natural gas is consumed in the
residential , commercial, industrial and
utility markets.
 Natural gas can either be stored on
board a vehicle as compressed
natural gas(CNG) or as liquified
natural gas(LNG). Natural gas can
also be blended with hydrogen.
Advantages of natural gas
 Itcan efficiently and safely
stored.
 More environmental friendly due
to it low emissions after burning.
 Most of the natural reserves of
natural gas field are unutilized.
 Improve lubrication because the
cylinders are not washed by
petrol excess.
Disadvantages of natural gas
 Still does create greenhouse gas
emissions.
 Highly volatile and can be dangerous
when handled or transported carelessly.
 They are not as roomy as gasoline cars.
 Higher overall costs of a natural-gas
vehicle compared to a gasoline-
powered car.
propane
Propane or liquified petroleum
gas(LPG)is a popular alternative
fuel choice for vehicles. Propane
is produced as a by product of
natural gas processing and
petroleum refining so there is
already an infrastructure of
pipelines ,processing facilities
and storage for its efficient
distribution.
Advantages of propane
 90% of propane used in U.S. comes
from domestic sources.
 Less expensive than gasoline.
 Potentially lower toxic, carbon
dioxide (CO2) , carbon monoxide
(CO) , and nonmethane
hydrocarbon (NMHC) .
 Propane is clean, cost effective,
safe and a reliable alternative fuel.
Disadvantages of propane
 Limited availability.
 A few large trucks and vans
can be special ordered from
manufacturers ; other vehicles
can be converted by certified
installers.
 Less readily available than
gasoline & diesel.
 Fewer miles on a tank of fuel.
hydrogen
A potentially emissions-free alternative
fuel produced from domestic-
resources.

 Not widely used today as a


transportation fuel.
 Not occur free in useful quantities,
but it is manufactured in a number of
ways.
ADVANTAGES of hydrogen
 Emitsonly water vapour,
assuming there is no leakage of
hydrogen gas.
 It
can store up to 3x as much
energy as conventional natural
gas.
 Produced domestically.
 Environmentally friendly.
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN
 Itstill costs a considerable
amount of money to run
a hydrogen vehicle.
 Dangerous.
biodiesel
 Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can
be blended at any level with petroleum
diesel to create a biodiesel blend. It can
be used in compression-ignition (diesel)
engines with little or no modifications.
 Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel or
blended with petroleum in any
percentage. B20 (a blend of 20 percent
by volume biodiesel with 80 percent by
volume petroleum diesel ) has
demonstrated significant environmental
benefits.
Advantages of biodiesel
 Canbe used in most diesel
engines, especially newer ones.
 Lessair pollutants(other than
nitrogen oxides).
 Lessgreenhouse gas emissions
(e.g. B reduces CO2 by % ).
 Non-toxic.
DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
 Use
of blends above B5 not yet
approved by many auto
makers.
 B100 generally not suitable for
use in low temperatures.
 Concernsabout B100’s impact
on engine durability.
ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES
CONCLUSION
Alternative fuels generally have lower
emission making than appealing for
environmental concerns. Many of these
fuels are renewable and would lessen
the need for petroleum products. A lot of
these fuels are going to be used with the
developing fuel cell technology. With
making the public aware of these
alternatives it could hasten the
development of these fuels and
technologies to run them.

S-ar putea să vă placă și