MSE658A

Simulation of Hall-Petch Relationship

Instructor: Prof. Sandeep Sangal

Aman Jaiswal 160089

Akshay Choudhary 160080
Malay Pandey 160370
Contents
Introduction

Mechanism of Hall-Petch relationship

Governing Equations

Breakdown of Hall-Petch relationship

Idea behind the code

References
Introduction

• Hall-Petch strengthening is a method of strengthening

materials by changing their average crystalline grain size.

• By changing grain size, one can influence the number of

dislocations piled up at the grain boundary and yield strength

• Example: Heat treatment after Plastic deformation and

changing the rate of solidification are ways to alter grain size
 Mechanism of Hall-Petch Relationship

• Boundaries of grains act as obstacles to

the dislocations movement

• Partly and locally disordered

• constitute a category of ferrous materials that
• exhibit
Planes onmechanical properties superior
which dislocations glideto in
plain
one
carbon steels as the result of additions of alloying
elements such as nickel, chromium, and molybdenum
•are not
Total coplanar
alloy with
content can rangethose
from 2in% the
up to next
levels
just below that of stainless steels, which contain a
minimum of 10% C
Dislocation pile ups in a grain
• Obstacles Strength is measured by the force f* per unit
length of dislocation required to make it cut through the
boundary and trigger a slip in the next grain

• obstacle-like nature of boundaries causes dislocations to

pile up against them until the force on the one closest to the
boundary exceeds f*
Governing Equations

N dislocations in
such a pileup scales τ0 describes the
with the applied contributions of all
shear stress (τ − τ0) the other obstacle will be Final Hall-Petch
and distance L strengthening overcome when, relationship
between the mechanisms.
dislocation source and
τ ≈ σ/2.
the obstacle—here,
half the diameter d G = 3*E/8
of a grain:
Breakdown of Hall-Petch Relationship
• Smaller the grain size d, the fewer the number of
dislocations that can be packed into a pileup. The lower,
then, is its magnifying effect, and the greater is the applied
stress needed to break through the obstacle. There comes a
point, however, at which N falls to 1 and no pileup is possible.

• Hall-Petch breakdown at elevated temperatures, as grain

tends to coarsen and this negates the strengthening.
Idea behind the code
References

•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_boundary_strengthening
•http://research.iaun.ac.ir/pd/ebrahimzadeh/pdfs/UploadFile_6472.pdf
•https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/hall-petch-relationship
•Daniel L. Schodek, Paulo Ferreira, Michael F. Ashby - Nanomaterials,
Nanotechnologies and Design_ An Introduction for Engineers and
Architects-Butterworth-Heinemann (2009).pdf
 Thank You !
We thank and appreciate the efforts put in by the prof. Sandeep Sangal
sir in order to make our learning experience of the semester worth a
lifetime.

Thank you for providing us this opportunity to work as a team and

present what had we learnt.