EBS 425/3 INDUSTRIAL MINERAL

MINI PROJECT
- XYZ Rock Sdn. Bhd. -

Team Members:

Nurul Farah Dyana binti Zamzaishimi 125827

Norfateha binti Ab Han 125820
Timothy Lambat Anak Bunyam 123153
Muhammad Amirul bin Rosli 125813
Esmanizam Esmaly Eusainy bin Mohd Amir 125800
Mohamad Haikal bin Rosli 125807
 POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF
DIMENSION STONE AT EAST HILL
GUNUNG LANNO,
SG. RAIA, PERAK
 DIMENSION STONE
• Dimension stone can be defined as natural rock material
quarried for the purpose of obtaining blocks or slabs that meet
specifications as to size (width, length, and thickness) and shape
• Durability (essentially based on mineral composition and
hardness and past performance), strength, and the ability of the
stone to take a polish are other important selection criteria.
 GUNUNG LANNO
• Potential site to get high grade of dimension stone.
• Sub-drilling have been done and the place are potential to
quarrying the marble.
• Dimension Stone is produced from quarrying.
• Quarry operations typically involve isolating a mass of stone by
cutting it free from the parent mass on all sides but one.
• The isolated mass is then lifted or separated from the parent
mass by breaking it free or by undercutting it with a wire or
chain saw.
• The freed stone can either be a mill block (block suitable for
either sale or resizing) or a quarry block (a much larger block
size).
 DEFINITION
Terms Definition
Loss on Ignition (LOI) To measure the amount of moisture or volatile
impurities lost when the sample is ignited under
specified conditions
Brightness/ whiteness Property or quality of being white in color. More
whiter, high quality and purity
Compressive strength The amount of strength to identify the ability of
material or structure to withstand loads without
fracture
Hardness . To determine the hardness by measuring the depth of
- Using Rockwell scale
penetration of a small but hard object under a large
load compared to the penetration made by a preload.
TERM DEFINITION

Water absorption (%) To measure the porosity of a rock. Values range from
0.20% for marble to 12% for low-density limestone

Los Angeles abrasion (%)
To test the abrasive properties of rock by using
standard steel balls which when mixed with
aggregates and rotated in a drum for specific
number of revolutions will cause impact on
aggregates

Soundness (%) Used to measure the durability and resistance of

coarse and fine aggregates to weathering action.

Specific gravity The relative density of the ratio of the mass of a

given volume of a substance to the density of water

Flexural strength or Modulus of Used to measure tensile stress in a material just

rupture before it yields in a flexure test
TERM DEFINITION

Contour A contour map is a illustrated with lines, for example

topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills,
the steepness or gentleness. In cartography, a contour
line joins points of equal elevation (height) above given
level, such as mean sea level

Peak The highest level of the hills/mountains

Fault Fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume

of rock, across which there has been significant
displacement as a result of rock-mass movement.
TERM DEFINITION

Colour The colour of the rock deposit e.g whitish or pinkish

Texture Texture of the rock e.g fine or coarse grained

Vein/Fissure A long, narrow opening or line of breakage made by

cracking or splitting, especially in rock or earth.

Fault/Crack Fracture Fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of

rock, across which there has been significant
displacement as a result of rock-mass movement.
TERM DEFINITION

RQD Rock-quality designation (RQD) is a rough measure of

the degree of jointing or fracture in a rock mass,
measured as a percentage of the drill core in lengths of
10 cm or more.

TCR Total core recovery (TCR) is the borehole core recovery

percentage.

Core Condition The condition of the core sample after recovered.

CROSS SECTIONS A TO Y & C TO D
CROSS SECTIONS D TO D1
 SUITABLE APPLICATIONS OF
MARBLE
• Most marble is made into either crushed stone or dimension
stone.
• Crushed stone is used as an aggregate in highways, armored
rocks, railroad beds, building foundations, and other types of
construction.
• Dimension stone is produced by sawing marble into pieces of
specific dimensions.
• These are used in monuments, buildings, sculptures, paving
and other projects.
 OTHER POSSIBLE USES:
Depends on their characteristic:

• Color - marble is usually a light-colored rock and marble of extremely

high purity with a bright white color is very useful. It is often mined,
crushed to a powder, and the resulting product is called "whiting“.
• Ex: coloring agent and filler in paint, whitewash, putty, plastic, grout,
cosmetics, paper, and other manufactured products.
• Chemically, marble also react in contact with many acids. It is also used
for acid neutralization in the chemical industry as well.
• Hardness - marble has a hardness of three on the Mohs hardness scale.
As a result, marble is easy to carve, and that makes it useful for
producing sculptures and ornamental objects
• Ex: floor tiles, architectural panels, facing stone, window sills, stair treads,
columns, and many other pieces of decorative stone.
 STANDARDS
• ASTM C51 -11: Standard Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone
(as used by the Industry)
• ASTM C568/ C658M -15: Standard specification for Limestone
Dimension Stone
• ASTM D5050 - 08(2015): Standard Guide for Commercial Use of Lime
Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement Kiln Dusts
• ASTM C706 -13: Standard Specification for Limestone for Animal Feed
Use
• ASTM C1797 -16e1: Standard Specification for Ground Calcium
Carbonate and Aggregate Mineral Fillers for use in Hydraulic Cement
Concrete
ESTIMATE / INFERRED RESERVE
 Total area = 20 acres

 Proposed area to be used = 1/(4 ) × 20 acres = 5 acres

 1 acres = 4046.86 m2

 5 acres = 20234.3 m2

 Total area = 20234.3 m2

 Average Height of the cross section = 300 m

 Total volume// ore reserve = 300 m × 20234.3 m2 = 6 070 290 m3