APPLICATION OF SCADA

FOR WATER TREATMENT

PLANT
-BY SHRADDHA MALVE
MT19ENV017
 CONTENTS
• Introduction to SCADA
• Automation and its need in WTP
• SCADA system architecture
• Components of SCADA system
• WTP SCADA system design
• SCADA control in treatment processes
• Features of WTP SCADA system
• Benefits of SCADA system
• Drawbacks of SCADA system
• Case study – Delhi Jal Board & Surat WTP
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION TO SCADA

• SCADA is an acronym for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.

• SCADA is a category of software application program for process
control and gathering of data in real time from remote locations in
order to control equipment and operating conditions.
• It is used in power plants as well as in oil and gas refining,
telecommunications, transportation, and water and wastewater
control.
 AUTOMATION AND ITS NEED IN WTP
• It is defined as the use of scientific techniques to automate the operation
and/or control of equipment , process or system.
• It is done to achieve these objectives:
1. To achieve consistent quality of treated water.
2. To improve plant performance and efficiency.
3. To improve the operational safety.
4. To reduce the cost of operation and maintenance.

• SCADA systems perform monitoring, data logging, alarming and diagnostic functions
so that large, complicated process systems can be operated in a safe manner.
Hence, it can be used prominently for automation of water treatment plants.
SCADA SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
 COMPONENTS OF SCADA SYSTEM

A SCADA System usually consists of the following subsystems:

1. A Human-Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus which presents process data
to a human operator, and through this, the human operator monitors and controls the
process.
2. A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) data on the process and
sending commands (control) to the process.
3. Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) connecting to sensors in the process, converting
sensor signals to digital data and sending digital data to the supervisory system.
4. Programmable Logic Controller (PLCs) used as field devices because they are
more economical, versatile, flexible, and configurable than special purpose RTUs.
5. Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the Remote
Terminal Units.
 WTP SCADA SYSTEM DESIGN

• The PLC is connected to a PC which is nothing but the SCADA server.

• The field devices like valves, pumps, motors, drives etc. are
connected to PLC as input output devices.
• These devices send the input signals to PLC which acts as the trigger
to the successive events.
• Then PLC sends the actuation signals to various actuators to perform
defined tasks.
• Thus, the PLC acts as a link between field devices and SCADA server.
 WTP SCADA SYSTEM DESIGN

• SCADA software acts as an interface between operator and the

system.
• The server runs the routine operation of the WTP through the PLC.
• SCADA collects the data from field devices through PLC and stores it
in memory, usually on server.
• This includes log of the particular parameters like pH, Turbidity,
Residual Chlorine, Flow, Voltage, Current, Pumping time, Alum
Stock, Frequency etc.
 WTP SCADA SYSTEM DESIGN

• Also, it analyses and displays this data in various forms to show the
performance of the system.
• It also displays the current status of the system components
dynamically, which gives real time control facility.
• The software provides an animated display of the total WTP system.
• The parameters can also be controlled manually by giving commands
to the software.
INPUT DEVICES:
The SCADA system consists of the number of and types of sensors as
input device. The types of sensors required for automating the plant
are:
• pH sensor
• Turbidimeter
• Chlorine Sensor
• Ultrasonic Level Switch
• Electromagnetic Flow Sensor
OUTPUT DEVICES:
The output of PLC operates the main components of WTP to be
controlled. They include:
• Valves
• Alum dosing Pump
• Rapid mixer and Flocculator Stirrer motors
• Blower for Backwash
• Chlorine Dosing Pump for disinfection
 SCADA CONTROL IN TREATMENT PROCESSES
1. Aeration:
The aeration of the raw water is the first process in WTP. It is simple and does
not require any other control than in pumping.
2. Coagulation:
• The concentration and the feed rate of the feeding solution depend on the
raw water quality, which may vary continuously and randomly.
• Hence, the online monitoring of the water quality is done by the sensors
and accordingly the SCADA system prepares and adds accurate solution in
the water.
• To mix this solution thoroughly in the water the stirrer blades are rotated
and RPM is controlled by the SCADA system.
 SCADA CONTROL IN TREATMENT PROCESSES

3. Flocculation and Sedimentation :

• Water level monitoring will be necessary to maintain hydraulic balance
through the plant.
• Speed of impeller in clariflocculator is to be monitored and velocity
gradient is controlled as variable.
• Sludge density detectors and controls, automatic sludge draw off gives
improved basin operation.
 SCADA CONTROL IN TREATMENT PROCESSES
4. Filtration and Backwash Process Control:
• For the filtration process through RSF, the operation of the valves is the
main parameter controlled by the SCADA system to regulate the flow rate
thorough filter bed.
• If the measured pressure difference along filter bed increases rated value
then the SCADA system stops filtration process and starts backwash of the
filter beds.
• The timely operation of the air blower and the backwashing water valve is
the key operation of the backwash which is best handled by the SCADA
system than manual operation.
• The operation of the heavy and bulky valves is controlled by the electrical
actuators very smoothly and precisely.
 SCADA CONTROL IN TREATMENT PROCESSES

5. Disinfection:
• Finally the chlorine dosing is done to introduce residual chlorine in
the water for disinfection along the distribution network.
• The amount of the residual chlorine to be kept in water is
calculated by the SCADA system and accordingly the dose is added to
purified water.
• Then, the final pure water pump is used to deliver the treated water
to desired locations.
 FEATURES OF WTP SCADA SYSTEM

Some of the important features of the SCADA systems are as follows:

1. Control :
• SCADA systems are capable of running standard control algorithms
for maintaining specific levels in tanks and prescribed flow rates.
• They also can also execute the starting and stopping of pumps,
opening and closing of valves, and other discrete functions.
• They can also provide some sort of command set to allow for the
need to sequence or stage these functions.
 FEATURES OF WTP SCADA SYSTEM

2. Monitoring –
• The main function of the system is to provide an effective visual
interface between the process and an operator.
• Most SCADA systems usually have a sophisticated set of tools for
displaying individual process values and incorporating them into
animated graphic depictions of the process. (Figure)
• They also provide the means of taking real time data and showing it
as a trend so that subtle process changes may be observed.
Developed model SCADA system for WTP
 FEATURES OF WTP SCADA SYSTEM
3. Alarming –
• Graphical display alarm functions are integrated into the data and can
raise and display alarms as they occur.
• On some systems they can be tied into Auto-Paging and Auto-Phone-dialing
features that will automatically notify operating personnel of a problem.
 FEATURES OF WTP SCADA SYSTEM

4. Data Logging –
• Once data has been brought into the system, the SCADA system will
archive selected data into electronic records that may be recalled
and reviewed at a later time.
• The dates and times of these events are recorded at the time of
printing so they serve as a chronological record of changes that
occurred within the system.
• This involves data like what alarms occurred, what set point changes
were made, and what equipment was started or stopped.
Data Logging using MS Excel
 FEATURES OF WTP SCADA SYSTEM

5. Diagnosis –
• Some SCADA systems have incorporated statistical packages that can
be used for online analysis of process data to detect “when
something has changed for no reason”.
• Such changes can often be tied to drifts in calibration of instruments
and/or imminent failures of control components.
 BENEFITS OF WTP SCADA SYSTEM

• Remote Monitoring of Pressure, Fluid level, Flow rate, Leakage, filtration

time, Alum Dose concentration or any other parameter on
PC/Laptop/Mobile Phone and GPS Based Location Monitoring of Machines &
Vehicles.
• Energy Auditing/Management i.e., Energy Conservation can be effectively
integrated with the SCADA, which helps in efficient working of the system.
• The efficient water pumping with no or less waste of energy can be
achieved.
• The data logging function of the SCADA system provides additional benefit
of accessing past records of the system operation.
 BENEFITS OF WTP SCADA SYSTEM

• The automated control of the system parameters considerably reduces the

manpower requirement for running of the WTP.
• The automated system gives the efficient and effective use of the
chemicals for the process and prevents wastage.
• Reduction in errors can be achieved because of the minimum human
interference.
• The integration of the different sections of the WTP allows the efficient
working of the system, and provides improved control over the process.
• It also helps in reduction of wastage of water, thus saving water.
 DRAWBACKS
• Cost of instruments is high. Hence it is not be affordable for small water
treatment plants.
• It requires skilled personnel with adequate SCADA system knowledge.
• Indirect effect: unemployment.
• It requires backup for electric supply at the time of power failure.
• It requires backup for equipment and stand-by units in case of sudden
failure. This increases cost of investment.
• Emergency manual operators may be needed at times.
 CASE STUDY : DELHI JAL BOARD

• Bhagirathi WTP under Delhi Jal Board was commissioned in 1983.

• It was manually operated and was not flexible. It did not allow DJB to react
quickly to variation in water demand.
• In addition, there was substantial loss of water both from sludge drainage
and filter backwash.
• In order to reduce the loss of water, it was necessary to operate the plant
in auto mode.
• Hence, DJB opted for rehabilitation and automation of the plant to reduce
the cost of potable water production, save electricity charges and
effectively utilize manpower.
 CASE STUDY : DELHI JAL BOARD
• This project was awarded to Larsen & Toubro's Construction Group.
• To achieve the desired level of automation for remote monitoring and
control, they installed i Visionmax SCADA with Programmable Logic
Controllers (PLCs) and Remote Terminal Units.
• Instruments for automation were installed at Bhagirathi WTP with the
Central Control Room at Bhagirathi, Muradnagar Pumping Station, Sangam
Raw Water Pump House, Distribution Control Room, 21 no. underground
reservoirs across Delhi and 5 control stations for operators.
• The systems communicate with a variety of sensors to monitor parameters
such as flow and pressure from water sources into tanks, flow and pressure
from tanks into the towns and tank level.
 CASE STUDY : DELHI JAL BOARD
• It also controls pumps and valves in each station to allow or disallow the
water flowing to the other.
• It allows operators to view the status of pumps and water levels.
• It can generate alarms, allows users to access their system information over
the internet using web client.
• Thus, DJB is now able to monitor the entire operation and performance of
equipment in real time. It provides visibility and early awareness of
potential problems, which has averted critical issues in several cases.
• The benefits achieved are - consistent water quality, capability to cope
with varying demands, reduction in loss of water reduction in operation
costs and maintenance costs, timely decision making and better process
control, prevention of critical situations.
 CASE STUDY – SURAT WTP

• In March 2007, 200 MLD capacity fully automatic water treatment plant
with SCADA was commissioned at Sarthana Water Works at a total project
cost of Rs.24.22 Crores.
• In February 2009, two fully automatic water treatment plants with SCADA
of 150 MLD capacity each were commissioned at Katargam & Sarthana
Water Works at a total project cost of Rs.50.20 Crores under JnNURM
scheme.
• By fast-tracking the implementation of projects, SMC achieved a 87.6%
increase in water treatment capacity from 628 in 2006 to 1178 in 2010.
SOURCE - Water Supply _ Surat Municipal Corporation
(All values in MLD)
 CONCLUSION

• SCADA system maintains the ability to monitor the integration of real-time

data, alarm, and historical information in everyday plant operations.
• In a conventional WTP, the efficiency of operation is less as there is
considerable delay between action and reaction.
• SCADA system provides better control and the operator has immediate
access to critical situations and corrective actions can be taken in time.
• This helps in making the system more productive and efficient.
• Hence to fulfill the need of an efficient and faster system development,
SCADA system is a suitable approach.
 REFERENCES

• SCADA a tool to increase efficiency of water treatment plant by Sunil

L. Andhare , Prasad J. Palkar
• Enhancing SCADA System for Water Treatment Plant in Tikrit City of
Iraq by Isam Assi Ali, Er. N. K. Gupta
• http://www.larsentoubro.com/media/33866/integrated-water-management-
system-for-delhi-jal-board.pdf
• Water Supply _ Surat Municipal Corporation
• SCADA Basics: An Overview of Automatic Control Systems
THANK YOU