PRINCIPLES

OF THE
INTRODUCTION
 First Principle

It should gain the attention of

your audience members.
 • Startle the audience
• Create curiosity
• Establish common ground
• Tell a Story
• Quote a noted authority
• Ask a series of questions
• Demonstrate a process
• Compliment your our audience
 Second Principle
It should establish your
credibility or qualifications to
speak on your topic.
 A second principle of an
introduction is that it should
establish your credibility or
qualifications to speak on
your topic.
 Third Principle

You must relate your topic to

your audience.
A third principle of an introduction is
that you must relate your topic to
your audience.
It is important that you tell your
listeners what to expect in your speech.
This may be accomplished by:
1. Stating your thesis
2. Introducing your main points
 PRESENTING
THE
INTRODUCTION
 When you are introduced, you should rise
easily, without delay or noise and move to your
place before your audience. After arriving, you
should allow a few seconds to elapse while you
deliberately survey the scene before you and
smile at your audience. This suggests to your
audience members that you are calm, confident
and pleased to be speaking to them.
PRINCIPLES
OF THE
CONCLUSION
 By working out separate conclusions that
demonstrate in themselves various methods
of ending a speech, you not only learn how to
do them, but you also become more aware of
one of the most important parts of every
speech, the conclusion. In the following
discussion are presented the principles of
the conclusion, how to prepare and present
the conclusion.
 First Principle

It should signal the end of

your speech.
 Second Principle

It needs to summarize the

main point of the speech.
 Third Principle

Bring the speech to an

end.
Following are some practical and
useful methods for closing your
speech:
1. Quotation
2. Story
3. Striking statement
4. Return to the introduction
5. Question
6. Challenge
7. Compliment the audience
 PREPARING
THE
CONCLUSION
The conclusion should be brief, generally not
more than one-eight to one-tenth of the entire
speech, or even less, depending on the speech,
the speaker, the audience, the occasion and the
environment in which the speech is delivered. A
conclusion should never bring in a new material,
for this creates undesirable anticlimax and
frequently irritates an audience because the
speaker runs past a perfect place to stop.
PRESENTING
THE
CONCLUSION
The importance of the delivery of a
conclusion can’t be overemphasized. Your
total organization– mind, body and intention
– must be harmoniously at work. Eye contact
should be distinct and well-articulated. When
you move into your conclusion, it should be
obvious you are closing your remarks. Your
intentions should be so clear that there will
be no need to say.