Basic Computer Concepts

Basic Principles of
Networking
 Networking is the problem of delivering a
message from a source to a destination.
 The problem of giving meaning to these
messages received is called communication.

Computer Interconnections
 Basic Computer Concepts

Basic Principles of
Networking
Use of Computer Networks

v Use of Computer Networks

v
Networks for Companies

resource sharing
dynamic rerouting

 Networks for People

v access to remote information

v person-to-person communication

v interactive communication

Computer Interconnections
 Basic Computer Concepts

Basic Principles of
Networking
Communication Channels
 Communication Channels
a pathway over which information can be
 transferred
information sent over a channel has source
(often called the transmitter), from which the
information originates, and destination (often
called the receiver), to which the information
is delivered

Computer Interconnections
 Basic Computer Concepts

Basic Principles of
Networking

 Communication Channels
simplex channel - is a channel whose direction
 of transmission is unchanging
half-duplex channel - is a channel in which
the direction may be reversed, but the
 transmission does not occur at the same time
full-duplex channel - is a channel that allows
simultaneous exchange in both directions

Types
v
of Transmission Technologies
Point-to-point networks - consist of many
connections to individual pairs of machines
v
Broadcast networks - all the machines on
the network share a single channel

Computer Interconnections
 Basic Computer Concepts

Basic Principles of
Networking
Network Topologies
 Network Topologies
bus network - a common channel connects all
devices


ring network - all messages travel in a ring,
either in clockwise or counterclockwise
direction

Computer Interconnections
 Basic Computer Concepts

Basic Principles of
Networking
Network Topologies

Networ



king
Network
Topologies
tree network
- integrates
multiple star
topologies
together into
a bus
star network
- a central
connection

point
(called the
hub) is used
and all other
devices
connect
through it
Computer Interconnections
 Basic Computer Concepts

Distributed Systems

 Centralized Data Processing (CDP) is the

Centralized Data
Processing (CDP) is
the
conventional way
of doing all the
processing
and control on
centralized
computers

Computer Interconnections

Holiday Inn
 Basic Computer Concepts

Distributed Systems

 Distributed Data Processing (DDP) refers to

Distributed Data Processing (DDP) refers to

the manipulation of data using distributed
systems

J. P. Morgan’s Distributed Systems Architecture

Computer Interconnections
 Basic Computer Concepts

Distributed Systems


Client/Server is an extension of distributed
data processing wherein it provides the best of
both centralized and distributed data
processing

AAA Client/Server Architecture

Computer Interconnections
 Basic Computer Concepts

Distributed Systems

 Local Area Networks (LANs) connect network

devices over relatively short distances and
usually owned by an individual or corporation.
 Wide Area Networks (WANs) span a large
physical distance (geographically-dispersed
collections of LANs) and mostly owned by any
one organization but rather exist under
collective or distributed ownership and
management.