POLICE

COMPARATIVE
SYSTEM
(LEA 6)
-Ynion, Pauline B.
POLICE
 refers to a body of civil authority, which is tasked
to maintain peace and order, enforce the law, protect
lives and properties and ensure public safety.

 a public official with an extraordinary power to

make an arrest and performing direct police functions.
COMPARATIVE
 is the degree of likeness and unlikeness of two
police models

SYSTEM
 is a complex whole consisting of interdependent
parts whose operations are directed towards goals and
which are influenced by the environment within which
they function
GLOBALIZATION

 The process of creating transnational markets,

politics, and legal systems in an effort to form and
sustain a global economy.
Threats to Law Enforcement
 increasing volume of human rights
violations as evidence by genocide and mass
killing

 conflict between nations

 transnational criminal networks for drug

trafficking, money laundering, terrorism
TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEM

1. Common Law Systems = usually exists in

English speaking countries of the world

 there is strong adversarial system and rely upon

oral system of evidence in which the public trial is a
main focal point

 also known as “Anglo-American Justice”

6
2. Civil Law Systems
 distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where
less right is granted to the accused and the written
law is taken as gospel and subject to little
interpretation

 also known as “Continental Justice or Romano-

Germanic Justice”

7
3. Socialist System
 distinguished by procedures designed to
rehabilitate the offender.

 known as “Marxist-Leninist Justice“ and exist in

places such as Africa and Asia

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4. Islamic System
 based more on the concept of natural justice or
customary law or tribal traditions
 THEORIES OF POLICE
SERVICE
1. Continental
 is the theory of police service which maintains that
police officers are servants of higher
authorities. This theory prevails in the continental
countries like France, Italy and Spain.
This theory prevails in the
continental countries like
France, Italy and Spain.
a. Home Rule
b. Continental
c. Modern
d. Both A and B
2. Home Rule
 the theory of police service which states that
police officers are servants of the community or
the people. This theory prevails in England and United
States.
The theory of police service
that should prevail in the
Philippines based on existing
laws, concepts and principles.
a. Home Rule
b. Continental
c. Modern
d. Old
 CONCEPT OF POLICE
SERVICE

1. Old Police Service - states that the yardstick of

police efficiency relies on the number of arrest
made.

2. Modern Police Service - states that the

yardstick of police efficiency relies on the absence
of crime.
 EVOLUTION OF POLICING
SYSTEM
 Praetorian guards - military bodies
who serve as guardians of peace in
ancient Rome in which the idea of policing
said to have originated

 Officer de la Paix - a French term

which claimed to be the origin of the
term Police Officer
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The idea of policing originated
from military bodies as
guardians of peace in ancient
Rome as:
a. Frankpledge System
b. Polis
c. Guardia Civil
d. Praetorian Guards
 Anglo-Saxon Period of
Policing System
(Ancient England)
 Hue and Cry
 Ordeal (Trial by Ordeal)
 Tun Policing System
 1. Anglo-Saxon Period of
Policing System (Ancient
England)

A. Tun Policing System

 A system of policing emerged during the
Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male
residents were required to guard the
town (tun) to preserve peace and protect
the lives and properties of the people.
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 About 700 AD, the people living in
England in small rural towns used the
Anglo-Saxon System. Ten families in a
town (tun) equaled a tithing. Each tithing
elected a leader who was known as the
Tithingman. Since 10 tithings amounted
to 100, the leader of the 100 families
was named the reeve. Both the
tithingman and reeve were elected
officials. They possessed judicial power
as well as police authority.
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B. Hue and Cry

 A village law started in Britain which

provided methods of apprehending a
criminal by an act of the complainant to
shout to call all male residents to
assemble and arrest the suspect.

20
C. Trial by Ordeal
 A judicial practice where in the guilt or
innocence of the accused is determined
by subjecting him to an unpleasant,
usually dangerous, experience. (In
present terminologies, it would mean an
employment of a “3rd degree.”)

 The word “ordeal” was derived from the

Medieval Latin word “Dei Indicum” which
means “a miraculous decision.”
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 Norman Period of Policing
System
 Frankpledge System
 Legis Henrici
 Shire-Rieve
 Travelling Judge or Circuit
Judge
2. Norman Period of Policing
System
 This system of policing existed during
the time of Norman William The
Conqueror (King of France). When he
invaded and conquered England, a military
regime of conquers and dictators began
and changed the concept of crime being
committed against the state.

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 A. Shire-Rieve

 Shire-Rieve was a policing system during

the Norman Period when England was
divided into fifty-five (55) military
areas, each headed by a ruler called the
Rieve (head-man or lieutenant of the
army). The fifty-five (55) military
divisions in England are called shires. The
shire-rieve had absolute powers that no
one could questions his or her actions. 24
Two “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of the
Horse” were appointed to each village to
aid the Rieve in his duties. It became the
source of the word Constable.

The term “Shire-Rieve” is said to be the

origin of the word “Sheriff.”

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 B. Travelling Judge or Circuit
Judge

 A judge selected to hear cases which

were formerly being judged by the
Shire-Rieve and tasked to travel
through and hear criminal cases. This
was the first instance of the division of
the police and judicial powers.

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C. Leges Henrici
An act that was enacted during this period
with the following features:

 Offenses were classified as against the king and

individual.
 Policeman becomes public servant.
 The police and the citizens have the broad power
to arrest. It introduced the system called
“citizen’s arrest.”
 Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts
of the law. A system which made inquisition onto
the facts of a crime and eliminate the “Anglo-
Saxon Trial or “Trial by Ordeal System.”
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 The law enacted that classified
offenses against the King and the
individuals, made policemen public
official, empowered the police and
the citizens to conduct arrest and
assigned grand jury to inquire on
the facts of the law refers to:
a. Statute of 1295
b. Leges Henrici
c. Magna Carta
d. Bow Street Runners
D. Frankpledge System
 A system of policing whereby a group of
ten neighboring male residents over
twelve years of age were required to guard
the town to preserve peace and protect the
lives and properties of the people

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 This system of policing was
composed of a group of ten
neighboring male resident over
12y/o who were tasked to
apprehend any person who offends
another and deliver him for trial
a. Frankpledge system
b. Tun policing
c. Magna Carta
d. Praetorian Guard
3. Westminster Period of Policing
System
It is called by this name because the laws
governing policing came out of the capital of
England, which at the time was Westminster.
This period has the following features:

Guards were appointed and the duties of the

constables at night (watch) and in daytime
(ward) were defined

Statute of Westminster of 1285, a

collection of regulations aimed at keeping
the peace.
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B. Statute of 1295

 The law that marks the beginning of

the curfew hours, which demanded the
closing of the gates of London during
sundown.

32
C. Justice of the Peace (About
1361)

 Three or four men who were learned

in the law of the land were given
authority to pursue, arrest, chastise
and imprison violators of law. They
handled felonies, misdemeanors and
infractions of city or village ordinances.
This was later abolished about 75 years
after.
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D. Star Chamber Court (1487)

 A special court designed to try

offenders against the state. The room
set-up is formed in a shape of a star and
judges were given great powers such as
the power to force testimony from a
defendant leading to a great abuse of
power or brutality on the part of the
judges.
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4. Keepers of the Peace

 A proclamation issued by King Richard

of England sometime in 1195 that
required the appointment of knights to
keep the King’s peace by standing as
guards on bridges and gates while
checking the people entering and
leaving the cities and towns.
35
 5. King Charles II of England
(1663)

 King Charles II passed an act which

established or promoted the employment
of watchmen or bellmen to be on duty
from sunset to sunrise.

36
 6. Magna Carta or "The Great
Charter"
A law promulgated by King John of England
upon the demand of the Knights of the
Round Table forcing the King to sign the
same with the following features:

 No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned,

banished or exiled except by legal judgment
of his peers.
 No person shall be tried for murder unless
there is proof of the body of the victim.

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PHILIPPINE POLICE
SYSTEM
A. During the Spanish Regime
 Maintenance of law and order is a part of the
military system for the defense of the colony.
 Locally organized police forces although
performing civil duties is a direct adjunct of the
colonial military establishments (policemen in
appearance yet colonial soldiers in the ultimate
sense).

Police Functions:
a. Suppression of brigandage by patrolling unsettled
areas;
b. Detection of local or petty uprising by spying upon
the work and movements of the people; and
c. The enforcement of tax collection including church
revenues.
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1. Guardilleros
 a body of rural police organized in each town
established by Royal decree of Jan. 8, 1836. It
mandates that 5% of the able bodied male
inhabitants of each province where to be enlisted
in this police organization for 3 years. There
services are originally not paid or gratuitous
subject to some privileges although in some
province they received a proportionate pay
ranging from 4.00 to 8.00 depending on the
revenue collection.

40
2. Carabineros De Seguridad
Publica

 Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying

the regulations of the Department of State. This
was armed and considered as the mounted police
who later discharged the duties of a port, harbor
and river police. It was later given special
commission by Royal Decree of December 20,
1842 and it was called – Cuerco De Seguridad
Publica ( Corps of Crabbiness for Public
Security).
41
3. Guardia Civil
 Created by Royal decree on February 12,
1852, to partially relieve the Spanish peninsula
troops of their works in policing towns. It is
consisted of a body of Filipino policemen
organized originally in each of the provincial
capital of the province of Luzon under the
Alcalde Mayor.

42
B. American Period
 The Americans established the United States
Philippine Commission headed by General Howard
Taft as its first governor-general. On January 9,
1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was
organized pursuant to Act No 70 of the Taft
Commission.

 This has become the basis for the celebration of

the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every January
9th.

43
1. ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the
Organization and Government of an Insular
Constabulary”, enacted on July 18, 1901

CAPT. HENRY ALLEN = the first chief of the

Philippine Constabulary in 1901

2. ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police

Department, enacted on July 31, 1901

CAPT GEORGE CURRY = the first chief of police of

the Manila Police Department in 1901

44
3. Act No 255 – the act that renamed the Insular
Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary,
enacted on October 3, 1901

4. Executive Order 389 – ordered that the

Philippine Constabulary be one of the four
services of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, enacted on December 23, 1940
 C. Post-American Period
RA 4864 Police Professionalization Act of
1966, (enacted on September 8, 1966)

 created the Police Commission (POLCOM)

 as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and

professionalization of the local police forces under
the Office of the President; later POLCOM was
renamed into National Police Commission
(NAPOLCOM)

46
 D. Martial Law Period

PD 765 “Integration Act of 1975”, (August 8,

1975)

 established the Integrated National Police (INP)

composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as
the nucleus and the integrated local police forces
as components, under the Ministry of National
Defense
 transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of
the President to the Ministry of National Defense

47
 E. Post Martial Law Regime
Executive Order No 1012 – transferred to the city
and municipal government the operational
supervision and direction over all INP units
assigned within their locality; issued on July 10,
1985

Executive Order No 1040 – transferred the

administrative control and supervision of the INP
from the Ministry of National Defense to the
National Police Commission

48
RA 6975 – otherwise known as the
Department of the Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990, enacted on
December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG
and established the Philippine National
Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology and the
Philippine Public Safety College

RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine

National Police Reform and Reorganization
Act of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998;
this law amended certain provisions of RA
6975
49
RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975
and RA 8551 on the minimum educational
qualification for appointment to the PNP and
adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12
August 2009

“AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE

REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH
THE MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND ADJUSTING THE
PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR
THE PURPOSE PERTINENT PROVISIONS OF
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND REPUBLIC ACT NO.
8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”
50
The law that creates the tri-
bureaus of publlic safety.
a. R.A. 9576
b. R.A. 9675
c. R.A. 6975
d. R.A. 7965
IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE
EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING

BRIG GEN RAFAEL CRAME - the first Filipino chief of

the Philippine Constabulary in 1917

COL ANTONIO TORRES - the first Filipino chief of

police of the Manila Police Department in 1935

COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA - the first chief of police

of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of America in
1946

P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO - the first chief of

the Philippine National Police

52
 The cause of the PNP was mandated
by the supreme law of the land.
What is the provision mandating the
creation of the PNP?
a. Art. XVI, Sec. 1
b. Art. XVI, Sec. 6
c. Art. VI, Sec. 16
d. Art. VI, Sec. 1
LONDON POLICE
SYSTEM
LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829

 Henry Fielding - appointed as Magistrate in 1748,

introduced the first detective force, known as
the Bow Street Runners.

 Bow Runners - a group of men organized by Henry

Fielding and named by his brother John Fielding task
to catch thieves and robbers.
- identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal
Crown
- made up of eight constables who also investigated
crimes handed over to them by the volunteer
constables and watchmen
55
 Who was appointed as Chief
Magistrate in 1748 and introduced
the first paid police force?
a. Cesare Lombroso
b. Henry Scotland
c. Henry Fielding
d. Robert Peel
1798 - Marine Police Force was
established, salaried constables were being paid by
local magistrates.

 initially made up of 220 Constables assisted by

1,000 registered dock workers, and was responsible
for preventing the theft of cargo.
 widely regarded as being the first modern police
force in the world, in the sense that they were not
government controlled and were responsible for the
prevention of crime.

57
 LONDON 1829 (BEGINNING OF
MODERN POLICING)
 Sir Robert Peel = appointed as Home Secretary in
1822
 METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE = organized in
1829 by Sir Robert Peel under the Metropolitan
Police Act of 1829
- the largest of the police services that operate in
greater London (the others include the City of
London Police and the British Transport Police)
- finest police force around the world.
 TOTAL POLICING - motto of London Metropolitan
Police
58
IMPORTANT DATES
 1833 = Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A
major crowd disturbance dealt with by the
Metropolitan Police with controversial use of
force.

 1836 = The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow

Street Horse Patrol into its control.

 1838 = incorporates Marine Police and Bow

Street Runners into the Metropolitan Police and the
disbandment of the Bow Street Office and other
Offices. These were all agreed and put into effect.
59
 MPF (Metropolitan Police Force) Age
criteria
As of 1 October 2006, the age criteria (at the time of
application) is as follows:

18–62½ years old = Police community support officers

18–57 years old = Special constables

18–57 years old = New constables and experienced
officers

Police staff = 16 years, except where the role involves

shift work where the minimum age will be 18 years.

Volunteers = 18+
60
 PARTICULAR LONDON, ENGLAND
Name of Police Organization Metropolitan Police Force

Former: Metropolitan Police

Administration and Supervision Authority (MPA)

Present: Mayor’s Office for

Policing and Crime (MOPC)

Must be proficient in English and

Minimum Educational Qualification Spanish
Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 57 year old

Highest Rank Police Commissioner

Lowest Rank Police Constable
 The Metropolitan Police Service, whose
officers became affectionately known as
"bobbies", was founded in 1829
by Robert Peel under the Metropolitan
Police Act 1829.
In 1839, the Marine Police Force, which
had been formed in 1798, was
amalgamated into the Metropolitan
Police. In 1837, it also incorporated with
the Bow Street Horse Patrol that had
been organized in 1805.
Also known as:
The Metropolitan Police
Service (MPS), formerly and still
commonly the Metropolitan Police,
and also formerly semi-formally
called the Metropolitan Police
Force, and informally referred to
as the Met Police.
Logo:
Flag
The Chief of PNP has a rank of
Director General. What is its
equivalent in MPF?
a. Commissioner
b. General
c. Director
d. Constable
 The lowest rank in PNP is
Police Officer 1 (PO1), what
is its equivalent in the MPF?
a. Police Constable
b. Officer 1
c. Police 1
d. Police Constable 1st Class
United States Police
System
 TYPES OF U.S. POLICE

1. Municipal Police - includes village,

township, city and country police departments,
sheriff departments.
Types of Local Police:
a. Country Sheriff - in charged with the
operation of county jail, civil function such as
service of eviction notices and other court
orders and police responsibility.

69
 b. City Police - most common local police
organization. It has jurisdiction in matters that
occur in an incorporated municipality.

2. State Police - includes special investigative

agencies that concentrate on statewide law
enforcement. Also Tasked of regulating traffic and
maintaining order and safety on state and federal
highways.

3. Federal Police - agencies operated by federal

government at the national level

70
 Some Federal Agencies Having Police
Functions
a. Protection of Life, Property and Enforcement of
Penal Statutes
1. Federal Bureau of Investigation (Department of
Justice) - investigates all violations of federal law
except when the enforcement authority was given to
other specific federal agency.

2. United States Secret Service (Department of

Treasury) - concerned with investigation of
counterfeiting, forging or altering of any of the
money or other securities of the U.S. It is also in
charged of the protection of the president and his
family, and of the executive mansion grounds.
71
3. Bureau of Narcotics (Department of
Treasury) - investigates all violations of federal
law relating to prohibited drugs

4. Immigration and Naturalization Service

(Department of Justice) - investigates all
violations of immigration and naturalization laws,
patrol boarders to prevent surreptitious entry of
aliens,

72
b. Protection of the National Revenue
1. Intelligence Unit of the Bureau of
Internal Revenue - investigation of violations of
income tax laws

2. Alcohol Tax Unit of the Bureau of

Internal Revenue - violations of internal
revenue laws

3. Division of Investigation and Patrol,

Bureau of Customs - investigates smuggling
activities and enforces customs and navigation laws.
73
4. Private Police - additional police protection
made by employing sworn officers through contract
when they are not officially on duty

Two Basic Forms of Private Police

a. Proprietary Police - when a person wish to

receive service, he hires a security personnel
directly

b. Contract Security - services of an

independent security company
74
SELECTED U.S. Police Agencies

 New York City - it is where the first full time

police force was organized in the United States.

 New York Police Department = the largest police

force in the United States.

 Texas Ranger = police force originally created in

response to colonization.

75
 Boston Police Department = first local modern
police department established in the United States

 Pennsylvania State Police = the first state police

agency established

 Los Angeles Police Department = police force that

hired the first female police officer named, Alice
Stebbins Wells

76
 PARTICULAR USA
Name of Police Organization State Police

Department of Laws and Public

Administration and Supervision Safety

Bachelors Degree in Accredited

Minimum Educational Qualification University

Entrance Age 21 year old

Retirement Age 55 year old

Highest Rank Superintendent

Lowest Rank Trooper
What is considered as the
largest police force in the
U.S.?

a. Texas Ranger
b. Los Angeles Police Dept.
c. New York Police Dept.
d. Homeland Security
CANADA POLICE
SYSTEM
 Royal Canadian Mounted Police
(RCMP) - colloquially known as Mounties and
internally as “The Force”

 is the national police force of Canada and one of the

most recognized of its kind in the world being a
national, federal, provincial and municipal policing
body.
 It is founded in 1920 by the merger of Royal
Northwest Mounted Police (1873) with the
Dominion Police (1868).

80
Motto:
“Maintiens le droit”
or
“defending the law”
 PARTICULAR CANADA
Name of Police Organization Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Ministry of Public Safety Canada

Administration and Supervision

High School Graduate

Minimum Educational Qualification

Entrance Age At Least 19 at the time of

Engagement
Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Police Commissioner

Lowest Rank Police Constable 4th
Class
Heraldic Badge of RCMP
Flag of RCMP
 What is the premier law
enforcement agency in
Canada, which in equivalent is
the PNP?
a. Royal Police Force of Canada
b. Canadian Mounted Police
c. Royal Canadian Mounted Police
d. Canadian Police Force
 What is the agency in Canada
which acquires direct
supervision and administration
of police force and its
equivalent in the Philippines is
the NAPOLCOM?
a. Ministry of Canada
b. Ministry of Public Safety Canada
c. Ministry of Interior Canada
d. Ministry of Home Affairs Canada
AUSTRALIA POLICE
SYSTEM
Australian Federal Police

 a progressive and multi-faceted law enforcement

organization, taking strong lead in the fight against
21st century crime.
 PARTICULAR AUSTRALIA
Name of Police Organization Australian Federal Police

Ministry of Home Affairs

Administration and Supervision

Bachelors Degree
Minimum Educational Qualification

Entrance Age Must be over 18 year of age

Retirement Age 57 year old

Highest Rank Police Commissioner

Lowest Rank Police Constable
Patch of the Australian Federal
Police
Flag of the Australian Federal
Police
JAPAN POLICE
SYSTEM
 Keihoryo (Police Bureau within the Ministry of
Home affairs to 1945)

 Japanese Colonial Government - the one which

organized the first formal policing in China.

 Japanese Yakuza - considered as the center of Asian

organized crime action.

93
OUTLINE OF PRESENT POLICE ORGANIZATION
A. National Level

1. National Public Safety Commission (NPSC) = an

administrative board under the jurisdiction of the
Prime Minister. It is composed of Chairman and five
members, serving five year term, who are appointed by
the Prime Minister.
The Chairman is the State Minister, who
convenes the commission and presides over its
matters, but is not a member.
 The NPSC controls the National Police Agency
(NPA) with respect to:
a. police training
b. communications
c. criminal statistics
d. equipment
e. other police administration and
f. matters of police operations affecting
national public safety.
2. National Police Agency (NPA) = established under
the control of the National Public Safety Commission,
headed by a Commissioner-General. It is made up of
Commissioner-General’s Secretariat and five
Bureaus:
a. Community Safety Bureau
b. Criminal Investigation Bureau
c. Traffic Bureau
d. Security Bureau
e. Info-Communications Bureau
Attached Agency of the NPA:

a. National Police Academy = provides training to police

officers and conduct academic research
b. National Research Institute of the Police Science =
conducts research in police science
c. Imperial Guards = provides escort to the Emperor,
Empress, Crown Prince and other Imperial family.
= responsible for the security of Imperial Palace
B. Prefecture Level (Local)

1. Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC) =

established under the jurisdiction of the respective
Prefectural Governors, it controls the Prefectural
Police in its respective jurisdiction.
The PPSC may, when necessary, submit
recommendations to the NPSC with respect the
dismissal of or disciplinary action against the Chief of
a Prefectural Police Headquarters.
Rank Structure and Corresponding Position of NPA
 Commissioner-General (Keisatsu-chō Chōkan): The Chief of National
Police Agency
 Superintendent General (Keishi-sōkan): The Chief of Metropolitan
Police Department
 Superintendent Supervisor (eishi-kan): Deputy Commissioner
General, Deputy Superintendent General, The Chief of Regional Police
Bureau, The Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters,
 Chief Superintendent (Keishi-chō): The Chief of Prefectural Police
Headquarters.
 Senior Superintendent (Keishi-sei): The Chief of Police Station.
 Superintendent (Keishi): The Chief of Police Station.
 Police Inspector or Captain (Keibu)
 Assistant Police Inspector or Lieutenant (Keibu-ho)
 Police Sergeant (Junsa-buchō)
 Senior Police Officer or Corporal (Junsa-chō): Honorary rank.
 Police officer, old Patrolman (Junsa)
 PARTICULAR JAPAN
Name of Police Organization National Police Agency

Administration and Supervision National Public Safety Commission

Upper-Secondary-School Graduate
Minimum Educational Qualification and University Graduates

Entrance Age 21 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Commissioner-General

Lowest Rank Police
Officer/Patrolman
 TOKYO MANILA
Tokyo = Capital of Japan Manila = Capital of Philippines

Tokyo Metropolitan Police Manila Police District

Department
Superintendent-General = head of Chief Superintendent = rank of the
the Tokyo Metropolitan Police head of Manila Police District
Department
Logo of the National Police
Agency
 A system of policing in Japan
was adopted in the Philippines as
COPS.
a. Community Oriented Policing
b. Police Box System
c. Tokyo Police District
d. Ministry of Japan
 Equivalent of NAPOLCOM in Japan
which supervises the National Police
Agency.

a. Ministry of Home Affairs of

Japan
b. Prefectural Public Safety
Commission
c. Koban
d. National Public Safety
Commission
MALAYSIA POLICE
SYSTEM
ROYAL MALAYSIA POLICE (RMP)
Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM)
 police force of Malaysia.
 headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala
Lumpur

 The constitution, control, employment, recruitment,

fund, discipline, duties and powers of the police
force is specified and governed by the Police Act
1967
Motto = TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHEMAH = Firm,
Fair And Prudent

106
RMP has twelve (12) Criminal
Investigation Division namely:
1. D1 – Administrative Division
2. D2 – Criminal Record Registration
3. D3 – Internal Affairs
4. D4 – Statistics
5. D5 – Prosecution and Law Divisions
6. D6 – Technical Assistance Division
7. D7 – Gambling / Vice / Secret Societies
8. D8 – Investigation Division / Planning
9. D9 – Special Investigation Division
10. D10 – Forensic Laboratory Division
11. D11 – Sexual Investigation Division
12. D12 – National Centre Bureau-Interpol Division
 PARTICULAR MALAYSIA
Name of Police Organization Royal Malaysian Police (RMP)

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Home Affairs

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Diploma

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 58 year old

Highest Rank Inspector-General of

Police (IGP)
Lowest Rank Police Constable
Logo of the Royal Malaysia
Police
Flag of the RMP
Motto of RMP:
“Polis dan Masyarakat,
Berpisah Tiada”
or
“Police and The Community
Will not Separate”
INDONESIA POLICE
SYSTEM
 Indonesian National Police
(Kepolisian Negara Republik
Indonesia)
 is the official police force of Indonesia
 organized 1946
 also known as Polri

 Markasbesar/Mabes = name of the headquaters of

Indonesian National Police located in KebayoranBaru,
South, Jakarta, Indonesia

113
POLRI TERRITORIAL FORCES

1. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil = regional

police
2. Kepolisian Daerah or Polda = provincial
police
3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres = city or
regency police
4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek = sub-
district police

114
 PARTICULAR INDONESIA
Name of Police Organization Indonesian National Police (INP)

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

At least sixth-grade education

Minimum Educational Qualification

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 58 year old

Highest Rank Police General or

Jenderal Polisi equivalent
to General in the Army
Lowest Rank Second Bhayangkara or
bhayangkara Dua
equivalent to Private
Logo of INP
Motto:
“Rastra Sewakottama”
or
“Serving the People
Above All”
SINGAPORE POLICE
SYSTEM
 Singapore Police Force (SPF) or
Pasukan Polis Singapura
is the main agency task with maintaining law and
order in the city-state.

It is formerly known as Republic of Singapore

Police. Organized with split staff (15) and line
functions (13) roughly modeled after the military.
Headquarters at New Poenix Park in Novena.

Francis James Bernard = formed the skeleton force

as the heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819.
Training in SPF
Police Academy - provides basic training to both new
and serving officers of the SPF

6 Months - is the duration of training for Constables

10 Months - duration of training for Officer Cadet

Trainees
 PARTICULAR SINGAPORE
Name of Police Organization Singapore Police Force (SPF)

Administration and Supervision Public Service Commission Under

the Ministry of Interior
High School Graduate
Minimum Educational Qualification

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 50 year old

Highest Rank Commissioner of

Police
Lowest Rank Police Constable
Logo of the SPF
Motto:
“Setia dan Bakti” (Malay)
or
“Loyalty and Service”
 The rank in SPF which is
equivalent to Police Director-
General in PNP
a. Inspector of Police
b. Police Constable
c. Commissioner of Police
d. Police General
THAILAND POLICE
SYSTEM
Royal Thai Police (RTP) - is the primary law
enforcement agency of Thailand. Formerly known as
Thailand National Police Department (TNPD)

 In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry

of Interior of Thailand to be directly under the
Office of the Prime Minister using the name Royal
Thai Police. The position of its supreme head was
changed from that of the Director-General of the
TNPD to the Commissioner-General of the Royal
Thai Police
 PARTICULAR THAILAND
Name of Police Organization Royal Thai Police (RTP)

Administration and Supervision Former: Ministry of Interior

Present: Office of the Prime
Minister

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 50 year old

Highest Rank Rank: Police General

Former Position: Director
General
Present Position:
Commissioner-General
Lowest Rank Police Constable
Emblem of the Royal Thai
Police
Coat of Arms (cap badge)
 NAPOLCOM is an agency that
supervises and exercises
adminitistrative control over PNP,
its equivalent in Thailand is:

a. Ministry of Interior of Thailand

b. Office of the Prime Minister
c. Ministry of Police Department
d. Ministry of Thailand
MYANMAR POLICE
SYSTEM
Myanmar Police Force - formally
known as The People's Police Force
(Burmese: Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe)
Its command structure is based on established
civil jurisdictions. Each of Myanmar's seven states and
seven divisions has their own Police Forces with
headquarters in the respective capital cities.
 PARTICULAR MYANMAR
Name of Police Organization Myanmar Police Force

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Home Affairs

Minimum Educational Qualification Baccalaureate Degree Holder

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Police Major

General
Lowest Rank Lance Corporal
Emblem of the Myanmar Police Force, worn as a
patch on uniforms
Myanmar Police Force coat of
arms
 Myanmar Police Force is
formally know as:
a. Police Force
b. Royal Police Force
c. People’s Police Force
d. Burmese Police Force
CAMBODIA POLICE
SYSTEM
 Cambodian National Police

is the primary law enforcement agency in

Cambodia
 PARTICULAR CAMBODIA
Name of Police Organization Cambodian National Police (CNP)

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification Baccalaureate Degree Holder

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank General Lieutenant

Lowest Rank Staff Sergeant
Logo of CNP
HONGKONG POLICE
SYSTEM
Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF)
 is the largest disciplined service under the Security
Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the world's second, and
Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern
policing system. It was formed on 1 May 1844.

 In 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter

to the Hong Kong Police Force for their handling of
the Hong Kong 1967 riots — renaming them: the
Royal Hong Kong Police Force. Following the
transfer of sovereignty, the Force is once again
named the Hong Kong Police Force

142
 The Force is commanded by the Commissioner
of Police, who is assisted by two deputy
commissioners:
a. Deputy Commissioner – Operations =
supervises all operational matters including crime
and
b. Deputy Commissioner – Management = is
responsible for the direction and coordination of
force management including personnel, training, and
management services.

143
 PARTICULAR HONG KONG
Name of Police Organization Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF)

Administration and Supervision Security Bureau of Hong Kong

For Constable: above in five

Minimum Educational Qualification
Entrance Age
subjects in the Hong Kong Diploma
of Secondary Education
Examination (HKDSEE)
For Inspector: Bachelor’s Degree
18 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Commissioner of

Police
Lowest Rank Police Constable
Motto:
“We Serve with Pride and
Care”
Logo of the HKPF
 The equivalent of
NAPOLCOM in Hong Kong

a. Ministry Interior of Hong Kong

b. Ministry of Security of Hong
Kong
c. Public Safety Bureau of Hong
Kong
d. Security Bureau of Hong Kong
CHINA POLICE
SYSTEM
Kinds of Police System in China
1. Chinese People's Armed Police Force
(commonly known as People's Armed Police
<PAP>) - is a paramilitary force primarily
responsible for civilian policing and fire rescue
duties in the People's Republic of China

2. State Security Police - safeguards state

security, prevent foreign espionage, sabotage and
conspiracies. Under the Ministry of State Security
and directly accountable to the State council.
3. Prison Police = a part of the correctional arm
of the overall police system stationed in prisons and
correction units. This is under the leadership of the
Ministry of Justice.
4. Judicial Police = responsible for maintaining
the security and order in courts and serving
instruments and some also executing death sentences.

5. Quasi-Parapolice = operate in many places and

hired by officials to help carry out some unpopular
actions such as collecting taxes and fines and ousting
peasants from seized land.
 Other Important Government
Agencies:

Special Police College - conducts nationwide

recruitment once a year.
Central Military Commission - appoints police
in China
People’s Liberation Army - Chinese Armed
forces.
Civil Service Promotion Examinations -
basis for regulation of the rank promotion for
police officer.
 PARTICULAR
Name of Police Organization
Administration and Supervision
CHINA (PROC)
Chinese People's Armed Police
Force (commonly known as People's
Armed Police (PAP)
Ministry of Public Security

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age Must be over 18 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Commissioner

General
Lowest Rank Constable 2nd Class
Badge of People's Armed Police
TAIWAN POLICE
SYSTEM
NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY

 is the unified police force of Taiwan

 under the supervision of MINISTRY OF

INTERIOR

 under effective civilian control

155
 ORG. OF NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY
IN TAIWAN

1. Administration Police - are generally referred to

those who are required to wear uniforms to carry
out duties of household visits, patrolling, raid,
guarding, duty officer, and reserves.

2. Traffic Police - the primary duties of the Traffic

Police are to keep traffic order, to ensure traffic
safety, to prevent traffic accidents, and to
smooth traffic flow.

156
3. Special Police - are those who are responsible
for protecting the Central Government,
establishing contingent plans and assisting local
and specialized police units in maintaining public
order.

4. Criminal Investigation Police - the primary

duties of the criminal investigation police are to
prevent and detect crimes.

5. Specialized Police - main duties are to

protect state-run enterprises and public
facilities like railways, highways, airports,
harbors, MRT and Bank of Taiwan.
157
 PARTICULAR TAIWAN (ROC)
Name of Police Organization National Police Agency
Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification High Graduate

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Former: Police Supervisor

Rank 1
Present: Police General
(Police Supervisor Rank
Supreme)
Lowest Rank Police Rank 4
 PARTICULAR BRUNEI
Name of Police Organization Royal Brunei Police Force

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Required to posses at least the

Minimum Educational Qualification Brunei Junior Certificate of
Education(BJCE)
Entrance Age For Male
between 18 – 28
For Female
18-25
Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Inspector-General of

Police
Lowest Rank Lance Corporal
 PARTICULAR LAOS
Name of Police Organization Laos National Police

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Defense

Bachelor ‘s Degree
Minimum Educational Qualification

Entrance Age
21 years old

Retirement Age
60 years old

Highest Rank General

Lowest Rank Private
 PARTICULAR MEXICO
Name of Police Organization Federal Police Of Mexico

Administration and Supervision Interior Ministry’s Investigation

And National Security Center

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age 18 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank General

Lowest Rank Sergeant / Private
 PARTICULAR NEW ZEALAND
Name of Police Organization
New Zealand Police

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Police

Minimum Educational Qualification Tertiary Education

Entrance Age 20 years old

Retirement Age 55 years in service

Highest Rank Police

Commissioner
Lowest Rank Police Constable
 PARTICULAR GERMANY
Name of Police Organization Federal Police of Germany

Administration and Supervision Federal Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Diploma

Entrance Age 18 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Inspector Police

Lowest Rank Senior Constable
 PARTICULAR COLUMBIA
Name of Police Organization National Police of Columbia
(Policia National)
Administration and Supervision Ministry of National Defense

Minimum Educational Qualification High school Graduate/College

Graduate
Entrance Age 21 years old

Retirement Age 50 years old

Highest Rank Police

Commissioner
Lowest Rank Police Patroller
 PARTICULAR FRANCE
Name of Police Organization National Police of France (Police
Nationale de France)
Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification French Baccalaureate Degree

Entrance Age 18 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Directeur general de la

police nationale (Director
General)
Lowest Rank Gardien de la paix
(Keeper of the peace)
 PARTICULAR SUDAN
Name of Police Organization Sudan Police Force

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Secondary School Certificate

Minimum Educational Qualification Examination

Entrance Age 18 years old

Retirement Age 55 years old

Highest Rank Inspector General

Lowest Rank Lance Corporal
 PARTICULAR ISRAEL
Name of Police Organization Israel Police

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Internal Affairs

Minimum Educational Qualification Bachelor’s Degree

Entrance Age 21 years old

Retirement Age 55 years old

Highest Rank Inspector General

Lowest Rank Police Constable
 PARTICULAR SRI LANKA
Name of Police Organization Sri Lanka Police

Administration and Supervision Ministry of defense, Public

Security, Law and order

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age 22 years old

Retirement Age 58 years old

Highest Rank Inspector General of

Police
Lowest Rank Police Constable Rank
4
 PARTICULAR INDIA
Name of Police Organization Indian Police Service (IPS)

Administration and Supervision India Police Agency (IPA)

Minimum Educational Qualification Bachelor’s Degree

Entrance Age 21 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Police Director

Lowest Rank Police Constable
 PARTICULAR SPAIN
Name of Police Organization Cuerpo National Police (CNP) or
Cuerpo Nacional de Policia
Administration and Supervision Cuerpo Superior de Policia (CSP)

Minimum Educational Qualification Secondary Education

Entrance Age 18 years old

Retirement Age 67 years old

Highest Rank Police Chief

Superintendent
Lowest Rank Police Constable
UNITED NATIONS

United Nations - officially came into existence on

October 24, 1945

- Coined by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt

in the declaration by United Nation. This declaration was
made to officially state the Cooperation of the allies
(Great Britain, the United States, and the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics)

B-U-S
Great Britain
United States
Soviet Union
171
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF UN
used in intergovernmental meetings and
documents:
1. Spanish
2. French
3. Arabic
4. Chinese
5. English
6. Russian
 6 Principal Organs of UN
1. UN General Assembly (main deliberative
assembly)
2. Security Council (for deciding certain
resolutions for peace and security)
3. Economic and Social Council (for promoting
international economic and social
cooperation and dev’t)
4. Secretariat (provides studies, information,
and facilities needed by the UN)
5. International Court of Justice (the
primary judicial organ)
6. UN Trusteeship Council
Principal Organs of United Nations

1. UN general Assembly = is the main deliberative,

policymaking and representative organ of the
United Nations. Comprising all 193 Members of
the United Nations, it provides a unique forum for
multilateral discussion of the full spectrum of
international issues covered by the Charter. is
headed by a president elected from the member
states and 21 vice-presidents, and meets from
September to December
= makes final decision on admission to UN upon
recommendation of Security Council

174
Functions of General Assembly
a. Deliberative - initiating studies and making
recommendations for the development of
international law
b. Supervisory - receiving and considering annual
and special reports from another organs
c. Financial - approval and apportionment of
budget
d. Elective - election of non-permanent members
of the security council
e. Constituent - admissions of members and the
amendments of charter

175
Term of Office

The President and the 21 Vice-Presidents so

elected will assume their functions only at the
beginning of the session for which they are
elected and shall hold office until the close of
that session [Rule based directly on a provision of
the Charter (Art. 21, second sentence)].
2. UN Security Council - is another branch in the
organization of the UN and is the most powerful of
all the branches.
The presidency of the Council is held by each of
the members in turn for one month, following the
English alphabetical order of the Member States
names

FUNCTIONS:
a. Preventive Action - consist of provisional measures
to prevent a conflict from worsening, and may involve
the deployment of PEACEKEEPING AND OBSERVER
missions
b. Enforcement Action - consist of deployment of air,
sea and land forces
177
 Five Permanent Members of Security
Council with Veto Power
1. China
2. France
3. Russia
4. United Kingdom
5. United States

The other 10 members are rotating or

elective members for a period of two
years by the General Assembly.
178
3. International Court of Justice-
Located in the Hague, Netherlands. Universal court
for international law. Decides disputes between
states that recognize its jurisdiction and issues
legal opinions.

Its 15 judges are elected by the

UN General Assembly for nine-year
terms. It renders judgment
with relative majority.

179
4. Secretariat = Administrative organ of the UN.
Supports the other UN bodies administratively,
e.g., in the organization of conferences, writing
reports and studies, and the preparation of the
budget-plan.
Its chairperson – the UN Secretary
General – is elected by the General Assembly
for a five-year mandate and is the most
important representative of the UN.
Ban Ki-moon = current secretary-general from
South Korea
5. Economic and Social Council - consists
of 54 members elected by the General Assembly
for a 3 year term.
Martin Sajdik became President of the Economic
and Social Council on 14 January 2014.

Efforts are Towards the Following:

a. Higher standards of living
b. Condition of economic and social progress and
development
c. Solutions of international economic, social, health and
related problems
d. Universal respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms
181
6. Trusteeship Council - task of
supervising the administration of Trust
Territories placed under the Trusteeship
System. It is made up of the five permanent
members of the Security Council-China,
France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom
and United States.

Its goal is to promote the advancement of the

inhabitants of Trust Territories and their
progressive development towards self-
government or independence.

182
UN CHARTER - it is closest to a constitution that
basically governs the relations of international
persons.

TREATY - an international agreement concluded

between states in written form and sworn by
international law, whether embodied in a single
instrument or in two or more instruments and
whatever its particular designation.

183
 The Security Council has how
many members?

a. 5 rotating members
b. 10 permanent members
c. 10 permanent and 5 rotating
members
d. 5 permanent and 10 rotating
members
 The five permanent members
of the Security Council was
chosen based on:
a. Availability
b. Election
c. Victorious Countries and
Superpowers of WW2
d. rotation
 The United Nation General
Assembly meets annually from
a. April to June
b. June to September
c. September to December
d. December to February
INTERPOL
International Criminal Police Organization
(I.C.P.O.) or Interpol - is the police forces
organization that primarily manifest global or
international cooperation in addressing
transnational crime.
Its headquarters was initially located in
Vienna Austria (it is where Interpol was
founded) but at present it is transferred to Lyon
France.

188
 is the world’s largest international police
organization, with 190 member countries. It
exists to help create a safer world by supporting
law enforcement agencies worldwide to combat
crime.

It aims to facilitate international police co-

operation, and supports and assists all
organizations, authorities and services whose
mission is to prevent or combat internal crime.

189
 the organization of law enforcement agencies
worldwide that serves as transmission or
communication line for the exchange of
information, data and request for assistance
between and among the member countries.

 It focuses on: (1) Combat crimes and

transnational crimes; (2) protect minorities
against the dominant groups; and (3) Maintain
law enforcement regardless of race or religion.

190
 INTERPOL today has a global membership of
190 countries. Each country maintains a National
Central Bureau (NCB), staffed by national law
enforcement officers.

Africa = 54 National Central Bureaus

America = 44 National Central Bureaus
Asia and South Pacific = 49 National Central
Bureaus
Europe = 51 National Central Bureaus
 INTERPOL’ s Structure
 General Assembly
 Executive Committee
 General Secretariat
 National Central Bureaus
 Advisers
 The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s
Files.

192
INTERPOL’ s Structure

1. General Assembly = is the supreme

governing body of the Interpol, it meets
annually and comprises delegates appointed by
each member country. The assembly takes all
important decisions related to policy, resources,
working methods, finances, activities and
programmes.
2. Executive Committee - consisting of 13
members elected by the General Assembly and
comprises the president, three vice –presidents and
nine delegates covering the four regions.

It is the INTERPOL’s select deliberate organ

which meets three times a year, usually in
March, July and immediately before the General
Assembly.
3. General Secretariat (based in Lyon,
France) = operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year
and is run by the Secretary General. It Works with
Officials of more than 80 countries side-by-side
using four official languages:
Spanish
Arabic
French
English
It consists of seven (7) regional offices across
the world namely: Argentina, Cameron, Cote
D’Ivoire, Kenya, El Salvador, Thailand, and
Zimbabwe.
4. National Central Bureaus (NCB) - Each
INTERPOL member country maintains a National
Central Bureau staffed by National law
enforcement officers. The NCB is the designated
contact point for the General Secretariat,
regional offices and other member countries
requiring assistance with overseas investigations
and the location and apprehension of fugitives.
5. Advisers - these are experts in a purely
advisory capacity, who may be appointed by the
Executive Committee and confirmed by the
General Assembly.
6. Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’ File
(CCF) - this is an independent body whose mandate is
threefold:

(1) to ensure that the processing of personal

information by INTERPOL complies with the
Organization’s regulations,
(2) to advice INTERPOL on any project,
operation, set of rules or other matter concerning the
information contained in INTERPOL’S files.
INTERPOL’s Governance - comprises the
General Assembly and the Executive Committee,
which is headed by the President.
The President of the Organization is elected by the
General Assembly for a period of four (4) years.
Jürgen Stock of Germany – the current
Secretary General is , unanimously elected at the 83rd
INTERPOL General Assembly session in Monaco,
November 2014.

Mireille Ballestrazzi of France - elected at

the INTERPOL General Assembly held in Rome in
November 2012. She will serve as President until 2016.
First woman President of the INTERPOL.
Oskar Dressler - the first
secretary-general of the Interpol.

Johann Schober - the first

president of the Interpol.
Meng Hongwei
 current President of the
INTERPOL.
 was elected on 10 November 2016.
INTERPOL’S NOTICE

1. Red Notice – a notice which is issued to

seek the arrest or provisional arrest of
wanted persons with a view to extradition.
2. Blue Notice – this type of notice is issued
in order to locate, identify or obtain
information on a person of interest in a
criminal investigation.
3. Yellow Notice – to help locate missing
persons, often minors, or to help identify
persons who are unable to identify
themselves.

202
4. Green Notice – to warn about a
person's criminal activities if that
person is considered to be a possible
threat to public safety.

5. Orange Notice – to warn of an event,

a person, an object or a process
representing an imminent threat and
danger to persons or property.
6. Black Notice– a notice issued to seek
information on unidentified bodies.

203
7. Purple Notice – issued to provide
information on modus operandi,
objects, devices and concealment
methods used by criminals.

8. INTERPOL–United Nations Security

Council Special Notice – is issued for
individuals and entities that are
subject to UN sanctions.

204
INTERPOL’s FOUR CORE FUNCTIONS

1. Secure Global Police Communications

Services
 INTERPOL developed the I-24/7 = global police
communications system to exchange crucial data
quickly and securely is a cornerstone of effective
international law enforcement.

205
2. Operational Data Services and
Databases for Police
INTERPOL provides
operational data services and
databases for police to fight
international crime, police need
access to information which can
assist investigations or help
prevent crime. INTERPOL
manages several databases,
accessible to the INTERPOL
bureaus in all member countries
through its I-24/7.

206
3. Operational Police Support Services

a. 24-Hour Support
The Command and Co-ordination
Centre (CCC) operates round the clock
in all of INTERPOL’s four official
languages (English, French, Spanish and
Arabic) and serves as the first point
of contact for any member country
faced with a crisis situation.

207
b. Crisis Response and Major Events
In the event of a disaster or major crime,
INTERPOL Response Teams or Disaster Victim
Identification teams composed of officers from
the General Secretariat and member countries can
be dispatched to the scene within hours of an
event.

208
c. International Alert System
An important component of INTERPOL’s
operational police support is the notice system,
of which the Red Notice for wanted persons is
the most well known. In addition to the six color-
coded notices (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Black
and Orange), is the INTERPOL-United Nations
Special Notice issued for groups or individuals who
are the targets of UN sanctions against Al Qaeda
and the Taliban.

209
d. Analyzing Crime Data
Criminal intelligence analysis is recognized by
the law enforcement community as a valuable tool,
helping to provide timely warning of threats and
operational police activities. INTERPOL
contributes to investigations by assisting officers
working at the General Secretariat and in member
countries with research and analysis on crime
trends and with training courses in criminal
analysis techniques.

210
 Divisions of Criminal Intelligence
Analysis

a. Operational Analysis - aims to achieve a

specific law enforcement outcome. Usually, it has
immediate benefit

b. Strategic Analysis - provides early warning

signals of threats and to support decision making
in setting priorities to deal with criminal issues

211
4. Police Training and Development
As one of the 4 INTERPOL core
functions, Police Training and Development
continues to evolve as a priority for
INTERPOL and member countries.

212
The following are channels of global bilateral and
multilateral international cooperation against
transnational crime:

1. Global multi-lateral cooperation via Interpol;

2. Bilateral police cooperation agreements with
individual states;
3. European multilateral cooperation via Europol.
 The location of the HQ of
INTERPOL was located at
Vienna, Austria. At present,
the Secretariat is located at:
a. New York
b. Manila
c. Lyon, France
d. Austria
 The first president of
INTERPOL

a. Jurgen Stock
b. Oskar Dressler
c. Johann Schober
d. Jolly Bugarin
 Who is the first secretary-
general of INTERPOL?

a. Oskar Dressler
b. Johann Schober
c. Jurgen Stock
d. Meng Hongwei
 He is the secretary-
general of INTERPOL at
present:
a. Jolly Bugarin
b. Oskar Dressler
c. Johann Schober
d. Jurgen Stock
 He is the president of
INTERPOL at present:

a. Jurgen Stock
b. Oskar Dressler
c. Meng Hongwei
d. Johann Schober
 He was the first Filipino
president of the INTERPOL:

a. Antonio Torres
b. Rafael Crame
c. Jolly Bugarin
d. Cesar Nazareno
 Notice which is issued to
seek the arrest or provisional
arrest of warranted persons
with a view to extradition.
a. Green Notice
b. Red Notice
c. Blue Notice
d. Black Notice
 This notice is served in order
to locate, identify or obtain
information on a person of
interest in a criminal
investigation.
a. Yellow Notice
b. Green Notice
c. Blue Notice
d. Purple Notice
 This notice is issued to locate
missing persons, often minors,
or to help identify persons who
are unable to identify
themselves.
a. Yellow Notice
b. Black Notice
c. Orange Notice
d. Blue Notice
 Type of notice that is issued
to warn about a person’s criminal
activities if that person is
considered to be a possible
threat to public safety.
a. Red Notice
b. Brown Notice
c. Orange Notice
d. Green Notice
 This notice is effected to warn
of an event, a person, an object
or a process representing an
imminent threat and danger to
persons or property.
a. Orange Notice
b. Pink Notice
c. Blue Notice
d. Purple Notice
 Notice served to seek
information on unidentified
bodies.
a. Purple Notice
b. Orange Notice
c. Red Notice
d. Black Notice
 This notice is published to
provide information on modus
operandi, object, devices and
concealment methods used by
criminals.
a. Red Notice
b. Yellow Notice
c. Blue Notice
d. Purple Notice
 This notice is issued for
individuals and entities that
are subject to UN sanctions.
a. INTERPOL-UN Security
Council Special Notice
b. Red Notice
c. Purple Notice
d. Green Notice
ASEAN NATIONAL POLICE
(ASEANAPOL)

1981 (Manila) - The first formal meeting of The

Chiefs of ASEAN Police
 Attended by 5 original member countries such as
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and
Thailand. (T-I-M-P-S)
FIVE OTHER MEMBERS:
1. Brunei 4. Myanmar
2. Cambodia 5. Vietnam
3. Laos
236
IMPORTANT DATES:
1983 (Jakarta) = Endorsement of the
model & design of ASEANAPOL logo

1984 (Kuala Lumpur) = Royal Brunei

Police became a member and joined the
annual conference

1996 (Kuala Lumpur) = Vietnam joined as

a new member

1998 (Brunei) = Laos joined ASEANAPOL

237
 2000 (Myanmar) - Myanmar became the
10th country to joined as a new member
 2005 (Bali) = The setting up of a working group to
consider the viability of establishing a permanent
ASEANAPOL Secretariat
= Silver Jubilee Commemoration of ASEANAPOL
 2008 (Brunei) = The Royal Malaysia Police was
chosen as a host of permanent ASEANAPOL
Secretariat
 2009 (Vietnam) = Adoption of Terms of Reference
(TOR)
 2010 = On 1st January 2010 commencement of
ASEANAPOL Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
238
ORGANIZATION
1. ASEANAPOL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE -
comprise of deputy heads of delegation attending
the annual ASEANAPOL conference. It provides a
summary reports of the activities of the
Secretariat to the Head of the Delegation
2. ASEANAPOL PERMANENT SECRETARIAT - is
on rotational basis with member countries taking
turn to host the ASEANAPOL conference and
automatically assume the role of the secretariat
for the current year.
- headed by executive director and assisted by 2
directors

239
Tenure of Services:
a. Executive Director - 2 years
b. Directors - 3 years (one for Police Services and
one for Plans and Programs

*During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in

Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009, the Terms of Reference
on the establishment of ASEANAPOL
Secretariat was finally endorsed. Kuala Lumpur
was made the permanent seat.
*The ASEANAPOL Secretariat started its
operation fully on January 1, 2010.

240
 What particular place in which
the Asian Police Forces meet
that resulted in the creation of
ASEANAPOL?
a. Thailand
b. Malaysia
c. Jakarta
d. Manila