Industrial Chemistry

(Chem-204)

 Muhammad Bilal (4118)

 Muhammad Tayyab (4104)

 Hassan Ali (4102)

 Abdul Majeed (4112)

 Muhammad Arslan (4115)

 Preparation 0f Washing Soda
 Raw Materials

 Process Involved

 Flowsheet

 Final Product

 Uses
 Raw Materials
 Washing soda or the sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is one
of the most used chemical compounds in our daily life.
We can produce sodium carbonate by various laboratory
methods. But the solvay’s process is the most common
process for manufacturing washing soda.

 Calciumcarbonate (CaCO3
 Sodium chloride (NaCl)
 Ammonia
 Process Involved
1. The Solvay process is an industrial process that
uses limestone (CaCO3 ) to produce carbon
dioxide (CO2 ) which reacts with ammonia (NH3 )
dissolved in brine (concentrated NaCl(aq)) to
produce sodium carbonate.

1) NaCl +NH3 +CO2 +H2O → NaHCO3 +NH4Cl

2) 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 +H2O +CO2
3) Na2CO3 + 10H2O → Na2CO3.10H2O
 USES OF WASHING SODA
 Sodium Carbonate is a highly alkaline substance
that’s unique chemical composition makes it
excellent for household uses like degreasing,
brightening and cleaning tough messes.

 It scores an exceptional safety rating from the

Environmental Working Group with the lowest level
of concern about its use in household settings and
the only warning being to use it safely as you
would any highly alkaline substance
 1) Uses of Washing Soda at
Home

 Laundry Booster

 To help dissolve heavy stains on cotton or

linens, soak them in a solution of warm water
and washing soda. This process can help
remove stains.
Grease Stains and Tough Stains
(Its high alkaline properties make this simple
white powder a dynamic at removing grease
and other tough stains, especially when treated
early)
Tough Tile and Grout Cleaning
Dishwasher Soap
 Baths, Sinks, & Showers cleaner
 Silverware & Silver Jewelry
2) Water Softening
 one of the most popular ways to use washing
soda is as a water softener in laundry. The
washing soda competes with the calcium and
magnesium ions in the water, which helps
prevent the minerals from binding with the
detergent and your clothes.
 3) In the manufacture of glass, paper, soap
powder etc.
Washing Soda is sodium carbonate containing 10 molecules
of water of crystallization. So, we can say that washing soda
is sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3.10H2O).
The sodium carbonate which does not contain any water of
crystallization is called anhydrous sodium carbonate or soda
ash (Na2CO3). So,

It is used in the manufacture of glass, soaps,

detergents, paper etc.
 4) As a laboratory reagent

 Washing soda is used in the manufacture of

many useful compounds such as caustic
soda, borax(Na2B4O7 • 10H2O),
 5) In textile and Petroleum
Refining
 it is used in paper and textile industry and
also used in petroleum refining and
metal refining . it is used in paint and dyes . it
is used in a mild antiseptic for skin infection