INTELLIGENT BUILDING

APPLICATIONS OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES

IN BMS

HARSHIT KUMAR, RAHUL SHARMA, TABISH SUHAIL

M.Arch. (Building Services)-III
CONTENT
1. INTERNET & INTERNET PROTOCOLS
2. TCP/IP
3. INTERNET LAN vs WAN
4. USE OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AT
DIFFERENT LEVELS
5. BACnet/IP
6. CONVERGENCE NETWORKS AND TOTAL
INTEGRATION
INTERNET
• Global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.

• a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic,

business, and government networks of local to global scope,
linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical
networking technologies.
 INTERNET PROTOCOLS (IP)
A language/way that computer uses to talk to each other and is termed as the “Backbone” of Internet

• A set of rules governing the format of data sent over the Internet or other network.

• Principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network
boundaries.

• Responsible for addressing host interfaces, encapsulating data into datagrams (including fragmentation and
reassembly) and routing datagrams from a source host interface to a destination host interface across one or
more IP networks.

• An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a
computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

o A datagram is a basic transfer unit associated with a packet-switched network. Datagrams provide a connectionless communication service across a
packet-switched network.
 TCP/IP
• TCP is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks. Whereas the IP protocol deals only with packets, TCP
enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data.

• It records how data is transmitted from sender to receiver and how network users are located (IP address).
• TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which
means a connection is established and
maintained until the application programs at
each end have finished exchanging messages.

• It contains four layers, unlike seven layers in the

OSI model.
Application Layer

Transport Layer

Internet Layer

Network Access Layer How TCP/IP Works

o OSI refers to Open Systems Interconnection.

 TCP/IP in BMS

Networking principles for the BMS

Ethernet is a way of connecting computers together in a local area network or LAN

• At the top of the stack is the ‘Application layer’. This is where TCP* (Transmission Control
Protocol) aware software resides to run the device and to provide an interface to the network
through the TCP layer.

• The application layer passes data to the TCP layer which in turn passes the information onto
the IP layer and finally onto the Ethernet layer. This process is known as encapsulation and is a
precise term for what actually happens.

• The information from the layer above is encapsulated in the next layer until a fully functional
Ethernet frame is formed.
The application of TCP/IP in BMS has a number of positive effects:
Information transfers are standardized as all equipment uses TCP/IP.
This is the most commonly accepted protocol in the world, consequently more and more equipment will
support Internet technology.

Distances will become irrelevant.

Once the data enters the network, the distance problems are solved elsewhere: via cable, satellite or
wireless. Internet technology ensures the flexibility and reliability of information transfers.

TCP/IP is media independent.

This implies that optimum communication speed and cost can be selected for every application.

High security levels, with respect to both access and network reliability, are relatively simple to
implement by using commercially available solutions.

Joining the technology wave.

Due to economies of scale standardizing software is an attractive option, this means that new options
quickly become available and can be implemented just as quickly.
 LAN (Local Area Network)
 Local area network.
 Small geographic
area (e.g. Room,
office).
 Controlled by one
administrative
authority
 Usually high speed
 Always shared
 Expensive hardware
can be shared E.g.
Laser printer.
 Users can access the
same files.
 Messages can be sent
between users.
 A single internet
connection can be
shared among many
users.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
 Wide area network.
 Wan covers a large geographical
area.
 Crosses metropolitan, regional, or
national boundaries.
 Uses routers and public
communications links. E. G.
Internet.
 Used to connect LANs and other
types of networks together.
 Option for wan connectivity
• Leased line
• Circuit switching
• Packet switching
 Expensive hardware can be
shared, e.g. Laser printer.
 Users can access the same files.
 Messages can be sent between
users.
 A single internet connection can
be shared among many users.
 Network software is cheaper
than buying individual packages.
COMPARISON OF LAN & WAN
LAN WAN

Small area covered Large area covered

Use public communication Use public communication
links links
Usually a low speed Usually fast speed
Uses Wi-Fi, Ethernet cables Uses optic wires, microwaves,
satellites
USE OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES

 Dynamic control of industry and dailylife.

 Improves the resource utilization ratio.

 Integrating human society and physical systems.

 Flexible configuration.

 Acts as technology integrator.

 Universal inter-networking.
 What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these
objects to collect and exchange data.
IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled
remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating
opportunities for more direct integration between the
physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting
in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.

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 How IoT Works?
Internet of Things is not the result of a single novel
technology; instead, several complementary technical
developments provide capabilities that taken together help
to bridge the gap between the virtual and physical world.
These capabilities include:
 Communication and cooperation
 Addressability
 Identification
 Sensing
 Actuation
 Embedded information processing
 Localization
 User interfaces
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 How IoT Works?

RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech

To identify To collect To enhance To make the

and track and process the power of smaller and
the data the data to the network smaller
of things detect the by devolving things have
changes in processing the ability to
the physical capabilities to connect and
status of different part interact.
things of the
network.

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 The Structure of IoT
The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network
consisting of networks of devices and computers
connected through a series of intermediate technologies where numerous technologies like RFIDs, wireless
connections may act as enablers of this connectivity.

Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability by RFIDs.

Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data from the environment.
Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has provoked the ability of smaller
things to interact and connect within the “things” or “smart devices.”
Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through sensors has formed the network
connection to the Internet. It can make the “things” realizing the intelligent control.

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 IoT as a Network of Networks:

These networks connected with added security, analytics, and

management capabilities. This will allow IoT to become even
more powerful in what it can help people achieve.
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 The Future of IoT

"The Sky's not the limit. It's only the beginning with IoT."
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 The Potential of IoT

GE’s estimates on potential of just ONE percent savings

applied using IoT across global industry sectors. 13
SCOPE OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES

• Internet can connect devices embedded in

various.

• When devices/objects can represent

themselves digitally, they can be
controlled from anywhere.

• The connectivity then helps us capture

more data from more places, ensuring
more ways of increasing efficiency.
 CORPORATE ASPECT
Internet is a transformational force that can help companies improve performance through IoT
analytics and IoT Security to deliver better results. Businesses in the utilities, oil & gas,
insurance, manufacturing, transportation, infrastructure and retail sectors can reap the benefits
of IoT by making more informed decisions, aided by the torrent of interactional and
transactional data at their disposal.
HOW CAN INTERNET HELP?

Internet platforms can help organizations reduce

cost through improved process efficiency, asset
utilization and productivity.

The growth and convergence of data, processes and

things on the internet would make such connections
more relevant and important, creating more
opportunities for people, businesses and industries.
CURRENT STATUS & FUTURE PROSPECT OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES

By the year 2020, there will be a lot more connected devices than people on earth
A Gateway to the future!
PROGRESS INDEX

The sky’s not the limit. It’s only the beginning with IoT!
ECONOMIC ASPECT OF IOT
Youname it, and you will have it inIoT!
CHALLENGES FACED BY IOT
At present IoT is faced with many challenges, like -

 Scalability

 Security

 Technical requirements

 Technological standardization

 Software complexity
BACnet is a communications protocol for Building Automation and Control (BAC) networks that leverage the ASHRAE, ANSI,
and ISO 16484-5 standard protocol.
 BACnet was designed to allow communication of building automation and control systems for applications such as
heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning control (HVAC), lighting control, access control, and fire detection systems and
their associated equipment.

 The BACnet protocol provides mechanisms for computerized building automation devices to exchange information,
regardless of the particular building service they perform.
BACnet over Ethernet allowed building automation systems to transfer data via ethernet across a Bus architecture
this worked well initially but with the advent of the internet and the desire to have a single control system across a
network of buildings the need for networks larger then 254 nodes was needed. That is why ASHRAE adopted
BACnet/IP in annex j of the 135- 1995 standard.

BACnet IP allows us to:

• Communicate across multiple subnets
• Create multi-campus control systems
• Utilize the benefits of fiber and giga-
ethernet.
• Assign IP addresses to our BACnet devices
making the web accessible.
HOW DOES BACNET/IP COMMUNICATE?
BACnet/IP communicates using four methods

BACnet/IP to BACnet/IP • In this situation the location of the two devices is already
known by the host and the message is routed to the device
(same subnet) using a local switch.

BACnet/IP to BACnet/IP • In this situation the location of the two devices is already
known by the host and the message is routed to the device
(different subnet) using switches and routers.

Broadcast • This is a standard Who is/ I am message sent across a local

subnet for the BBMD to discover what the address are for
(same subnet) the BACnet devices on the subnet.

Broadcast • This is a standard Who is/ I am message sent across a local

subnet for the BBMD to discover what the address are for
(different subnet) the BACnet devices on other subnets.
 Network convergence
It refers to the provision of telephone, video and data communication services within a
single network.
In other words, one company provides services for all forms of communication.

In the telecommunications world,

convergence has come to mean a moving
towards the use of one medium as opposed
to manipulation of all forms of information
including voice, data, and video across all
types of network instead of carrying
information separately within distinct
networks. In the convergent network,
different forms of information can be re-
engineered to provide better, more flexible
service to the user. For example, telephone
networks can transmit data and video and
cable networks are able to provide voice
services.