CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

KAILAS R
S5 MECH
ROLL NO: 28

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 CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• STEPS INVOLVED IN CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
• CENTRIFUGAL CASTING SET UP
• CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
• FEATURES OF CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
• DEFECTS
• EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE IN CASTING
• TYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• APPLICATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
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 INTRODUCTION

• Centrifugal casting or rotocasting is a casting technique that is

typically used to cast thin-walled cylinders.
• It is typically used to cast materials such as metals, glass, and
concrete.
• Unlike most other casting techniques, centrifugal casting is
chiefly used to manufacture rotationally symmetric stock
materials in standard sizes for further machining.
• It is metal casting process that uses centrifugal force to form
cylindrical parts.
• This differs from most metal casting process, which use
gravity or pressure to fill the mold.

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 WORKING PRINCIPLE

• It works on basic principle of centrifugal force on a rotating

component.
• In this process, a mould is rotated about its central axis when
the molten metal is poured into it.
• A centrifugal force acts on molten metal due to this rotation,
which forces the metal at outer wall of mould.
• The mould rotates until the whole casting solidifies.
• The slag oxide and other inclusion being lighter, gets separated
from metal and segregate towards the center.

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STEPS INVOLVED IN CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

• Preheat the steel mold and coat the mold interior with the
refractory ceramic coating (applied as a spray slurry).
• Melt the metal in the furnace.
• Rotate the mold (300-3000 rpm, typically around 1000 rpm),
pour the metal, and spin the mold until the casting solidifies.
• Remove the casting from the mold after soldification.
• Clean, heat-treat and machine the finished casting.

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CENTRIFUGAL CASTING SET UP

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL
CASTING

• The casting is relatively free from defects.

• Non metallic impurities which segregate toward the bore can
machined off.
• Less loss of metal in tundish compared to that in gating and
risering in conventional and sand casting.
• Better mechanical properties.
• Production rate is high.
• Centrifugal casting process can be used for fabricating
functionally gradient metal matrix composite material.

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 FEATURES OF CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

• Castings can be made in almost any length, thickness and

diameter.
• Different wall thicknesses can be produced from the same
mold.
• Eliminates the need for cores.
• Good mechanical properties due to the grain structure formed
by centrifugal action.
• Typically cylindrical shapes are produced

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 DEFECTS

• Conventional static casting defects like internal shrinkage, gas

porosity and non metallic inclusions are less likely to occur in
centrifugal casting.
• Hot tears :- it is developed in centrifugal castings for which the
highest rotation speeds are used.
• Segregation:- Centrifugal casting are under various forms of
segregation thus pushing less dense constituents at centre.
• Banding:- Sometimes castings produce zones of segregated
low melting point constituents such as eutectic phases and
sulphide and oxide inclusions.

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 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE IN CASTING

• The mold can be heated from the outside or inside diameter on

the machine with the molds pinning slowly by a row, or rows,
of gas burners or off the machine in an oven at 180to 320 C
(355 to 610 F).
• The mold temperature can be critical for the coating adhesion
to the mold, coating strength, as well as casting surface quality.
• Once the mold is heated sufficiently, mold wash is applied on
the mold inside diameter by spraying or flooding.

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 TYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
• There are mainly three types of centrifugal casting
1. True Centrifugal Casting
2. Semi Centrifugal Casting
3. Centrifuging

1.True centrifugal casting:-

• True centrifugal casting is sometime known as centrifugal
casting is a process of making symmetrical round hollow
sections.
• This process uses no cores and the symmetrical hollow
section is created by pure centrifugal action.
• Mostly the mould is rotated about horizontal axis and the
molten metal introduce from an external source.
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• The centrifugal force acts on the molten metal which forces it
at the outer wall of mould.
• The mould rotates until the whole casting solidifies.
• The slag particles are lighter than metal thus separated at the
central part of the casting and removed by machining or other
suitable process.
• This process used to make hollow pipes, tubes, hollow bushes
etc. which are axi-symmetrical with a concentric hole.

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2. Semi Centrifugal Casting:-
• This process is used to cast large size axis symmetrical object.
• In this process mould is placed horizontally and rotated along the
vertical axis.
• A core is inserted at the centre which is used to cast hollow section.
• When the mould rotates, the outer portion of the mould fill by
purely centrifugal action and as the liquid metal approaches toward
the centre, the centrifugal component decreases and gravity
component increase.
• Thus a core is inserted at centre to make hollow cavity at the centre
without centrifugal force.
• In this process centrifugal force is used for uniform filling of axis
symmetrical parts. Gear blanks, flywheel etc. are made by this
process.

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3. Centrifuging:-
• In this process there are several mould cavities connected with
a central sprue with radial gates.
• This process uses higher metal pressure during solidification.
• It is used to cast shapes which are not axis symmetrical.
• This is only suitable for small objects.

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 ADVANTAGES

• Castings acquire high density, high mechanical strength and

fine grained structure.
• Inclusions and impurities are lighter.
• Gates and risers are not need.
• High output.
• Formation of hollow interiors without cores.

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 DISADVANTAGES

• Lack of control of pouring, which allows oxides to be thrown

in with molten metal.
• Uneven solidification rate.

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 APPLICATION

• Pipes of water, gas, sewage.

• Bearing bushes.
• Cylinder liners
• Paper making rollers
• Clutch plates
• Pulleys

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 CONCLUSION

• Centrifugal casting was the invention of Alfred Krupp, who

used it to manufacture cast steel tyres for railway wheels in
1852.
• Many machines are available which can perform centrifugal
casting, and they are relatively simple to construct.
• All that is required is an arm which rotates with an adequate
amount of centrifugal force, a container on the end of said arm
to hold both a mold and the material to be cast into the mold.
• Centrifugal casting is widely used as an investment casting
method for small parts of complex geometry.

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 REFERENCES

• Slide share.net
• Scribd.com
• Wikipedia.com

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THANK YOU

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