“INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY”

EET433 RENEWABLE ENERGY

School of Electrical System Engineering

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

 CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

Coal power plant Natural gas power plant

Coal

Nuclear power plant

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

PV power plant Hydro power plant Wind power generation

Biogas
Biomass

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

 NON RENEWABLE ENERGY VS RENEWABLE ENERGY
Non Renewable Energy
Advantages • Fossil fuels are the world's •
traditional energy sources and
electrical power plants, vehicles
and various industrial plants are •
built around using them.
• Many non renewable energies are
more reliable than most
renewables and are not subject to
weather conditions.
Disadvantages • Fossil fuels are in a limited supply •
and will one day be depleted.
• Processes for extracting and
transporting fossil fuels have
caused widespread environmental •
damage from strip mining and
accidental oil spills.
• Most importantly, burning fossil
fuels releases harmful greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere,
primarily CO2.
Renewable Energy
They do not release pollutants into
the atmosphere and provide a
cleaner, healthier environment.
Sources of renewable energy are
found everywhere in the world
and cannot be depleted.
The required large tracts of land to
produce energy quantities
competitive with fossil fuel
burning.
They are also affected by weather,
reducing their reliability.
• Initial costs for setting up
renewable energy plants are often
quite high.
 WHY WE NEED RE?
 Depletion of fossil-based energy resources and
supply is becoming difficult to meet demand.
 To enhance energy security against energy crisis.
 Preferable carbon free energy sources in some
countries.
 The technology of RE becoming more efficient.
 The price of RE technology are competitive.
 The availability of alternative energy that are not
fully utilized.
 Remote area that are not accessible to grid.
INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY
 OVERVIEW OF RE PROGRAM IN 2001-2010
 Stand alone solar photovoltaic systems for
electricity supply to rural communities and remote
areas in Malaysia started in 1980s.

 Small Renewable Energy Power (SREP) Program

announced in 2001 to encourages the production of
RE by small power generation plants by allowing
these producers to sell electricity generated to
electricity distributors or retailers, such as TNB.
Refer attachment for list of SREP project (Source:
Suruhanjaya Tenaga)
INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY
 OVERVIEW OF RE PROGRAM IN 2001-2011
National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan
(2009)
The Objectives
• To increase RE contribution in the national power
generation mix;
• To facilitate the growth of the RE industry;
• To ensure reasonable RE generation costs;
• To conserve the environment for future
generations; and
• To enhance awareness on the role and importance
of RE.
INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY
 OVERVIEW OF RE PROGRAM IN 2001-2011
 Renewable Energy Act 2011

An Act to provide for the establishment and

implementation of a special tariff system to catalyse
the generation of renewable energy and to provide
for related matters.

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

 Renewable Energy Power Plant Installed
This table shows the total RE capacities (in MW)
granted with Feed-in Approvals under the FiT
mechanism and which have achieved the FiT
Commencement Date.

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

 FEED-IN TARIFF (FiT)
(Source: SEDA)

The FiT is Malaysia’s new mechanism under the Renewable

Energy Policy and Action Plan to catalyse generation of RE, up to
30 MW in size.
This mechanism allows electricity produced from indigenous
renewable energy resources to be sold to power utilities at a
fixed premium price for a specific duration
This allows owners to sell their clean energy to the distribution
licensee for a fixed number of years; the duration is dictated by
the type of renewable energy used for power generation.
The incentive provides a fixed payment from the electricity
supplier for every kilowatt hour (kWh) of electricity generated
and a guaranteed minimum payment for every kWh exported to
the grid.
MALAYSIA RE RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL
(Source: SEDA)
 SOLAR PV
 Solar photovoltaic or simply solar PV is a technology that
used photovoltaic cells to convert direct sunlight into
electricity.
 Malaysia which is situated near to the equatorial and
received almost constant hours of sunlight throughout the
years will makes the solar PV a potential electricity generator.
 With the highest FiT rates, it is the most popular and
demanding among the applicable RE. From TNB source, up to
now there are 1843 REPPA applicants with total capacity of
173,576.29 kW. This is almost 98% of total REPPA applicants.

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR PV
(Source: SEDA)

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERG

 BIOMASS
 Biomass is defined as non-fossilized and originating from
indigenous plants animals and micro-organisms including but
not limited to products biodegradable organic material by-
products residues and waste from agriculture industrial and
municipal wastes.
 Various sources of biomass are such as wood and waste
wood, leaves of the plants, agricultural waste and municipal
solid waste which is also called as urban solid waste.
 Biomass has high potential to be implemented in Malaysia
due to its large agriculture area such as palm oil and rubber
estates. From TNB source, up to now there are only 14 REPPA
applicants with power capacity of 102,101.50 kW.

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

BIOMASS
(Source: SEDA)

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

 BIOGAS
 Biogas is defined as a gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or
fermentation of indigenous organic matter under anaerobic
conditions including but not limited to manure sewage sludge
municipal solid waste and biodegradable waste.
 Biogas technology refers to systems that designed to turn organic
waste products into usable energy. Biogas typically consists mainly
of methane, with a significant proportion of carbon dioxide, and
smaller quantities of other gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen.
 The gases methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be
combusted. This energy release allows biogas to be used as a fuel
in a gas engine to convert the energy in the gas into electricity and
heat. From TNB source, up to now there are only 15 REPPA
applicants with power capacitiy of 22,933.20 kW.

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

BIOGAS
(Source: SEDA)

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

 SMALL HYDRO
 Small hydro is defined as the production of electricity by
harnessing the power of flowing water from lakes, rivers, and
streams. Small hydro is based on simple concepts of moving
water turns a turbine, the turbine spins a generator, and
electricity is produced.
 Potential area for mini hydro application is in remote and
mountain area in Malaysia. From TNB source, up to now
there are only 16 REPPA applicants with power capacity of
108,550.00 kW. .

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

SMALL HYDRO
(Source: SEDA)

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN USING RE TECHNOLOGY
SOLAR PV
 Advantages
 No air pollution during operation, modular and quiet,
suitable for small-scale and distributed application, could
be integrated with other RE sources.

 Issues
 Environmental, health and safety issues regarding
material used, manufacture, installation and disposal,
need amount of space for installation.

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN USING RE TECHNOLOGY
SMALL HYDRO
 Advantages
 No air pollution during operation.
 Could be custom-sized.

 Issues
 Destroy land areas, floras and faunas.
 Radical changes in ecosystem

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN USING RE TECHNOLOGY
WIND
 Advantages
 Utilizing unused areas.
 No air and water pollution.

 Issues
 Impact on landscape and social conflict over land use.
 May reduce property values due to noise and fear.
 Concern on collisions between birds and spinning
rotors.

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN USING RE TECHNOLOGY
BIOMASS / BIOGAS
 Advantages
 Produce little sulfur dioxide or toxic metal.
 Reduce pollution from automobiles.

 Issues
 Impact of using land to grow energy crops.
 Reliable production supply.

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

 AGENCIES HANDLING RE IN MALAYSIA
• Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia
(KeTTHA)

• Sustainable Energy Development Authority Malaysia

(SEDA)

• Malaysian Green Technology Corporation

(Greentech Malaysia)

• Energy Commission
(ST)
INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY