SUBNET MASK

2 SUBNET MASK

• An IP address has 2 parts:

• The Network identification.
• The Host identification.

• The Network & Host portions of the address need

to be separately extracted.

Peter Smith
3 SUBNET MASK (CONT.)

• The function of a subnet mask is to determine

whether an IP address exists on the local network
or whether it must be routed outside the local
network.
• It is applied to a message’s destination address to
extract the network address.
• If the extracted network address matches the local
network ID, the destination is located on the local
network.
4 DEFAULT STANDARD SUBNET MASKS

• There are default standard subnet masks for Class A, B and C addresses:

IP Class Address Range

Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0
Class C 255.255.255.0

Peter Smith
5 BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

AND OR NOT
CLASS C SUBNETTING
7 A TRIAL SEPARATION

If a destination IP address is 206.175.162.21, we know that it is a Class C

address & that its binary equivalent is:

11001110.10101111.10100010.00010101

Peter Smith
8 A TRIAL SEPARATION (CONT.)

We also know that the default standard Class C subnet mask is:
255.255.255.0 and that its binary equivalent is:

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Peter Smith
9 A TRIAL SEPARATION (CONT.)

When these two binary numbers (the IP address & the subnet mask) are
combined using bitwise AND operation, the Network ID of the destination
network is the result:

IP 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 . 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
SM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NA 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 . 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The result is the IP address of the network

• IP IP Address 206.175.162.21
• SM Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
• NA Network Address 206.175.162.0
• BA Broadcast Address 206.175.162.255
• #N Number of Hosts 2^8 – 2 = 256 – 2 = 254
• IPR Usable IP Address Range 206.175.162.1 - 206.175.162.254

IP 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 . 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
SM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NA 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 . 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BA 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 . 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 199.26.12.23 / 24
• IP Address: 199.26.12.23

• Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

• Network address: 199.26.12. 0

• Broadcast address: 199.26.12. 255

• Number of Hosts: 2^8 = 256 – 2 = 254

• IP Address Range: 199.26.12.1 - 199.26.12.254

I
P 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

S
M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

N
A 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

B
A 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CLASS C
SUBNETS
13 199.26.12.23 / 26
255.255.255.192

• IP Address: 199.26.12.23

• Subnet mask: 255.255.255.192

• Network address: 199.26.12. 0

• Number of Hosts: 2^6 = 64 – 2 = 62

• Number of Subnets: 2^2 = 4

• IP Address Range: 199.26.12.1 - 199.26.12.62

• Broadcast address: 199.26.12. 63

I
P 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

S
M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

N
A 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 198.155.64.48 /25

 IP Address: 198.155.64.48
 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.128
 Network address: 198.155.64.0
 Number of Hosts: 2^7 = 128-2 = 126
 Number of Subnets: 2^1= 2
 Broadcast address: 198.155.64.127
 Host Address Range: 198.155.64.1- 198.155.64.126

I
P 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 . 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

S
M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

N
A 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 . 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

B
A 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 . 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
15 214.143.5.3 / 30

 IP Address: 214.143.5.3
 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.252
 Network address: 214.143.5.0
 Broadcast address: 214.143.5.3
 Number of Hosts: 2^2 = 4 – 2 = 2
 Number of Subnets: 2 ^ 6 = 64 – 2 = 62
 Host Address Range: 214.143.5.1-214.143.5.2

I
P 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

S
M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

N
A 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
16 192.168.1.200 /28
200.100.50.1 / 24
 IP Address:
 Subnet mask:
 Network address:
 Broadcast address:
 Number of Hosts:
 Number of Subnets:
 Host IP Address Range:

I
. . .
P
S
. . .
M
N
. . .
A
B
. . .
A