Clasification of

Roads and their

details
CE 11
Types of Roads based on Materials
o Earthen roads
o Gravel roads
o Murrum roads
o Kankar roads
o WBM roads
o Bituminous roads

. Concrete roads
Earthen Roads
Earthen roads are laid with soil. They are cheaper of all types of
roads. This type of road is provided for less traffic areas and or for
countryside areas. Good drainage system should be required which
reflects good performance for longer period.
Gravel Roads
Gravel roads are also low quality roads but they are good
when compared to earthen roads. Compacted mixture of
gravel and earth is used as pavement material in this case.
Murrum Roads
Murrum is a matter obtained from the disintegration of
igneous rocks by weathering agencies. This is used to
make roads called as murrum roads.
Kankar Roads
Kankar is nothing but impure form of lime stone. Kankar
roads are provided where lime is available in good
quantity. These are also low quality and performance
wise they are similar to gravel and murrum roads.
WBM Roads
Water Bound Macadam (WBM) roads contain crushed stone aggregate in its base course.
The aggregates are spread on the surface and these are rolled after sprinkling water.

WBM roads provides better performance compared to earthen, gravel, murrum and kankar
roads.

WBM roads are laid as layers about 10cm thickness of each layer. They are very rough and
may disintegrate immediately under traffic.
Bituminous Roads
Bituminous roads are very popular roads around the world. They are most used
roads in the world. They are low in cost and good for driving conditions. They
are flexible and thickness of bituminous roads depends upon the subgrade soil
conditions.
Concrete Roads
Cement concrete is used to construct the pavements in case of concrete
roads. These are very popular and costlier than all other types of roads.
They are not flexible so, they require less maintenance.
Concrete roads are suitable for high traffic areas. Concrete roads are
laid with joints and time of construction is more.
Types of Roads Based on Location and Function

 National highways
 State highways
 District roads
 Rural roads or village roads
National Highways

 National highways are

main roads of a particular
country. They connects all
major cities to the capital
of the country. They run
throughout the length and
breadth of the country.
Minimum two lane road is
provided for national
highways.
State Highways

 State highways are

second main roads which
connect major parts of
state with in it. State
highway ultimately
connects to the national
highways.
 District Roads
 District roads are provided with in
the cities and connects markets and
production places to state and
national highways. Two types of
district roads are there namely,
 Major district roads
 Minor district roads
 Major district roads connect
headquarters of neighboring district
with main parts of district while minor
district roads are laid with in the
district.
Rural Roads or Village Roads

 Village roads connects

the nearby villages with
each other. They lead to
nearby town or district
roads. Usually low quality
roads are provided as
village roads because of
low traffic.
Types of Roads Based on Economy
o Low cost roads

o Medium cost roads

o High cost roads

Types of Roads Based on Traffic Type
o Pedestrian ways
o Cycle tracks
o Motorways
Types of Roads Based on Traffic Type
Pedestrian Ways
Pedestrian ways are exclusively built for pedestrians and no
vehicles are permitted in this way.
Cycle Tracks
Cycle tracks or bicycle tracks are provided on both sides of
pavement for cyclists hence they can travel safely.
Motorways
Motorways are also known as expressways. Only few vehicles are
accessible to use this type of roads. The vehicles which can move
with high speed acceleration are permitted into this way.
Motorways makes travel quick and provides comfort for high
speed vehicles.
Types of Roads Based on Traffic Volume
o Light traffic roads

o Medium traffic roads

o High traffic roads

Types of Roads Based on Traffic Volume
Light Traffic Roads
 The roads which are carrying 400 vehicles daily on an
average is called light traffic roads.
Medium Traffic Roads
 If a road carrying 400 to 1000 vehicles per day then it is
said to be medium traffic road.
High Traffic Roads
 If a road is carrying is more than 1000 vehicles per day
then it is considered as high traffic road.
 Types of Roads Based on Rigidity
Flexible Roads
Flexible roads consists flexible layer as pavement surface which require good maintenance otherwise it
can be disintegrated easily with heavy traffic. All types of roads except concrete roads are come under this
category.
o Flexible roads
o Rigid roads

Flexible Roads
Flexible roads consists flexible layer as pavement surface which require good
maintenance otherwise it can be disintegrated easily with heavy traffic. All types of roads
except concrete roads are come under this
Rigid Roads
Rigid pavements are non-flexible
and cement concrete roads are come
under this category.

Flexible roads consists flexible layer as

pavement surface which require good
maintenance otherwise it can be disintegrated
easily with heavy traffic. All types of roads except
concrete roads are come under this category.
Types of Roads Based on Topography
 Plain area road
 Hilly area roads
 Hilly Area Road
Roads constructed in hilly regions are
 Plain Area Road called as hill area roads or ghat roads.
Generally these are provided around
The roads constructed on leveled the hill in spiral shape.
surface is known as plain area roads.
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