IP Addressing

What is Addressing?
• A network address is any logical or physical
address that uniquely distinguishes a network
node or device over a computer or
telecommunications network.
• Computers on a network use a network
address to identify, locate and address other
computers.
 Addressing

Physical Addressing Logical Addressing

MAC Address IP Address

IPv4 IPv6
 Physical and Logical Addressing
• Logical address is assigning to a devices and Physical
address is attach with ROM of the NIC card.
• Logical Address can be changed but physical
addressing cannot be changes also called hardware
addressing.
• Logical addressing is working at Layer 3 of OSI and
Physical addressing is working Layer 2 of OSI.
• Example:-
 IPv4 Address
• It is the fundamental function for which we can travel
from one place to another in network.
• An IP address has
• 32bit logical address
• 4 octet
• Every octet has min 0 to max 255
• Forms of two components Network ID and Host ID

8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit

Total 8 * 4 = 32 bit
 Example of IPv4 Address

Generally IP address is like

192.168.39.240

192 168 39 240

8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit
 How many classes does IP have?
• IP address have 5 classes. They are:-
1. Class A : 0 to 127
127 is reserved for loop back address. Loop Back Address is used
to check computer’s connection.
2. Class B : 128 to 191

3. Class C : 192 to 223

4. Class D : 224 to 239

5. Class E : 240 to 255

How to identify which IP address is belonging to
which class?
Example:-
145.160.20.255 which class?
Solution :- check first octet i.e. 145 falls in which
class.
As we know 145 lies in class B.
Therefore, the following IP address belongs to
class B group.
Which class does the following IP address falls?
1. 192.168.39.540
2. 201.100.10.10
3. 137.20.14.2
 Characteristics of Classes
• Class A addresses are designed for large organizations.
• Class B addresses are designed for mid size
organizations.
• Class C addresses are designed for small organizations.
• Class D is designed for multicasting.
• Class E addresses are reserved for future use.
 Network ID and Host ID
• Classes A, B and C is divided into Network ID and Host
ID
• Network ID is represented by 1 bit and Host ID is
represented by 0 bit
• Network ID determines how many network connection
can the class have and host ID determines how many
host can be connected with the network

N H H H
Class A
Class B N N H H

Class C N N N H
 How to check Network ID in the IP
addresses?
Example:-
115.10.0.15
Solution:-
STEP 1 :- Find out the class for the above IP address .i.e. 115
belongs to which class.
115 belongs to Class A
STEP 2 :- Now recall the Network ID and Host ID division of
class A N H H H

115 0 0 0

Therefore Network ID of the above IP address is 115.0.0.0

Check the Network ID of the following
IP addresses
1. 196.10.10.0
2. 210.15.45.10
3. 224.10.24.22
 How to convert IP addressing into Binary
Form???
Lets take an example, 192.168.37.200 convert this dotted decimal
notation into binary form.
Solution:- 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Now add any two number to form 192

192 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
168 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
37 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
200 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

Therefore binary form is 11000000.10101000.00100101.11001000

Convert 201.155.12.10 into Binary form