Photography

Introduction
Photography is a word derived from the Greek words
photos ("light") and graphein ("to draw") The word was
first used by the scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel in
1839. It is a method of recording images by the action
of light, or related radiation, on a sensitive material.
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF
PHOTOGRAPHY

It comes from the French photographie which is based

on the Greek φώς (phos) light + γραφίς (graphis) stylus /
paintbrush or γραφή (graphê) representation by means of
lines / drawing, together = drawing with light.
Photography is the science and art of recording images
by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium,
such as a film or electronic sensor. Light patterns
reflected or emitted from objects expose a sensitive
silver halide based chemical or electronic medium during
a timed exposure, usually through a photographic lens in
a device known as a camera that also stores the
resulting information chemically or electronically.
Pinhole Camera Obscura
 Pinhole
The Chinese were the first
people that we know of to write
about the basic idea of the
pinhole camera. About 2,500
years ago (5th Century BC) they
wrote about how an image was
formed upside down from a
"pinhole" on the opposite wall.
 Camera Obscura
The invention of the camera obscura is attributed to the
Iraqi scientist Alhazen and described in his Book of
Optics (1011-1021). English scientists Robert Boyle and
Robert Hooke later invented a portable camera obscura
in 1665-1666. In the 1500s many artists, including
Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, used the camera
obscura to help them draw pictures.
 Types of Camera

 Analog Still Camera

 Digital Camera
 Analog Still Camera
A roll of film is loaded into the camera and the magic
begins once you start clicking: light interacts with the
chemicals in the film and an image is recorded. The
pictures collected in your film roll come to life when the
film is processed in a photo lab.
 Types of Analog Camera

Twin Lens Reflex Camera Single Reflex Camera

 Twin Lens Reflex Camera
The TLR camera has two objective lenses of the same focal
length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective (the
lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the
waist-level viewfinder system. The fixed mirror deflects the light
rays coming through the lens to a top screen, which shows the
image upright but laterally reversed. Light from the object also
goes through the taking lens, which is mounted on a common
panel with the viewing lens, and is projected on the film.
 Single Reflex Camera
A single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a camera that
typically uses a mirror and prism system (hence
"reflex" from the mirror's reflection) that permits the
photographer to view through the lens and see exactly
what will be captured.
Digital Single Reflex
Camera
Camera Mechanics OF DSLR
 Lenses
Camera lenses come in either fixed (prime) focal lengths
(meaning they offer a single focal length), or zooms,
which cover a range of focal lengths. The different focal
lengths are grouped into categories for different types of
lenses.
 Types Of Lenses

Prime Lens Tele Lens

Different Types of Angle
Exposure
Understanding Exposure
ISO, Aperture and Shutter Speed Explained
 ISO ratings determine the image sensor’s sensitivity to
light, each value of the rating represents a “stop” of light,
and each incremental ISO number (up or down)
represents a doubling or halving of the sensor’s
sensitivity to light.
 Aperture controls the lens’ diaphragm, which controls
the amount of light traveling through the lens to the film
plane. The aperture setting is indicated by the f-
number, whereas each f-number represents a “stop” of
light.
 Shutter Speed indicates the speed in which the curtain
opens then closes, and each shutter speed value also
represents a “stop” of light. The shutter speed is
measured in fractions of a second.
 END
OF
CAMERA BASICS
 Rules of Composition in
Photography
 Rule of Thirds
 Leading Lines
 Framing
 Symmetry
 Rule of Thirds
The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine
breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and
vertically) so that you have 9 parts.
 Leading Lines
The use of lines can be used to direct the viewers
attention to the subject of your photograph. These lines
can be straight, diagonal, wavy, or any other creative
variation.
 Simplicity
Keeping things simple sometimes is the best way to get a
good photo. Look for uncomplicated backgrounds and try
to focus on keeping objects out of the picture that may
draw attention away from your subject.
 Framing
Framing is simply using other objects in your photograph
to frame the main subject. This is probably one of the
easier composition techniques in photography. Framing
brings more depth to the picture and a better focus on
what the main subject is.
End