CREEP

/krip/
 What is Creep?
/wat is krip?/

 Is the increase in strain with

time due to a sustained
load.
 A time dependent
deformation under certain
applied load.
 Creep and Shrinkage
/krip end shrinkeyj/
 Creep is closely related to
shrinkage
 A concrete that resists shrinkage
also presents a low creep
tendency, as both phenomena
are related to the hydrated
cement paste.
 Shrinkage is a volumetric change
in concrete due to loss of
 moisture content and lead to
crack.
 Effects of Creep
/efects of krip/

 In reinforce concrete beams,

creep increases the deflection
with time and may be a critical
consideration in design.
• In eccentrically loaded columns,
creep increases the deflection and
can load to buckling.
 Loss of pre stressed due to
creep of concrete in pre
stressed concrete structure.
 Creep property of concrete will be useful
in all concrete structures to reduce the
internal stresses due to non- uniform load.

 In a mass concrete structures

such as dams, on account of
differential temperature
conditions at the interior and
surface, creep is harmful and
by itself may be cause of
cracking in the interior of
dams.
Here are some violent reactions due to creep:
/hir ar sam vayolent reaksyons dyu tu krip/
 Rheological Models
/reyologikal models/

are mechanical
devices that portray
the general
deformation behavior
and flow of materials
under stress.
Anelastic Material
/anelastik materyal/

Elastic Media do not losses of material

energy. Real materials do not behave this
way. The deviation from the elastic
behavior of material is anelasticity.
The simpliest rheological model of
anelastic material is a viscoelastic body.

-linear elasticity
-linear viscosity
 Spring

Dashpot
Burger’s Model
/Bergers Model/
 Spring

Dashpot
Ross Model
/Ros Model/
Ross Formula

Branson’s simplified creep evaluation formula:

Ultimate Creep Coefficient

Creep Coefficient in relation to
Ultimate Creep Coefficient

When conditions are not standard,

creep correction factors may be
applied:
For moist-cured concrete loaded
at an age of 7 days or more

For steam-cured concrete

loadedat an age of 1 to 3
days or more

>40 percent relative

humidity
 Concrete Shrinkage
/konkrit shrinkeyj/

 It is the volumetric change of

concrete structures due to the loss of
moisture by evaporation. It is a time-
dependent deformation which
reduces the volume of concrete
without the impact of external
forces.
 In the design of concrete structures,
the usual concern with shrinkage is
to prevent its magnitude from
becoming excessive.
EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE SHRINKAGE IN CONCRETE
/efect of eksesiv shrinkeyj in konkrit/
SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT
/shrinkeyj reinforsment/
 Types of Shrinkage
/tayps of shrinkeyj/

 PLASTIC SHRINKAGE
/plastik shrinkeyj/

occurs very soon after pouring the

concrete in the forms. The hydration of
cement results in a reduction in the
volume of concrete due to evaporation
from the surface of concrete, which
leads to cracking.
Causes of Plastic Shrinkage:
/koses of plastik shrinkeyj/

• High water cement ratio

• Greater bleeding
• Rapid drying

Bleeding
  DRYING SHRINKAGE
/draying shrinkeyj/

• Drying shrinkage is the decrease in

the volume of concrete cement
when it loses moisture by
evaporation. It generally occurs in
the first few months and decreases
with time.

• This shrinkage causes an increase

in tensile stress, which may lead to
cracking, internal warping, and
external deflection, before the
concrete is subjected to any kind
of loading.
Swelling is the increased in volume through
water absorption.

SHRINKAGE-TIME CURVE
Several factors affect the magnitude of Drying Shrinkage:

• Aggregate
/agregeyt/
• Water/Cement Ratio
/water/sement reysyo/

• Size of the Concrete Element

/sayz of da konkrit element/
• Size of the Concrete Element
/sayz of da konkrit element/
• Medium Ambient Conditions
/midyum ambiyent kondisyons/
• Amount of Reinforcement
/amawnt of reinforsment/
• Admixtures
/admikstsurs/
• Types of Cement
/tayps of sement/
 CARBONATION SHRINKAGE
/karboneysyon shrinkeyj/

Carbonation shrinkage is used by the

reaction between the carbon dioxide
present on the atmosphere and that
present in the cement.

 AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE
/otojenus shrinkeyj/

Autogenous shrinkage occurs

due to no moisture movement
from concrete paste
under constant temperature.
SHRINKAGE STRAIN AS FUNCTION OF TIME:
/shrinkeyj streyn as fanksyon of taym/

STANDARD HUMIDITY (H=40%)

• For moist-cured concrete at any

time t after 7 days:

𝑡
𝜖𝑆𝐻,𝑡 = 𝜖𝑆𝐻,𝑢
35 + 𝑡
Where:
𝜖𝑆𝐻,𝑢 = 800 × 10−6 in/in
• For steam-cured concrete after the
age of 1-3 days:

𝑡
𝜖𝑆𝐻,𝑡 = 𝜖𝑆𝐻,𝑢
55 + 𝑡

• Other than standard humidity:

For 40 < 𝐻 ≤ 80%

𝑘𝑆𝐻 = 1.40 − 0.010𝐻

For 80 < 𝐻 ≤ 100%

𝑘𝑆𝐻 = 3.00 − 0.030𝐻

Thank you
/teynk yu/
 REFERENCES
/referenses/

https://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/courses/ce584/concrete/library/cracking/plasticshrinkage/plasticshri
nkage.html
https://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/courses/ce584/concrete/library/cracking/dryshrinkage/dryingshrinkage
.html
http://www.concrete.org.uk/fingertips-nuggets.asp?cmd=display&id=512
https://theconstructor.org/concrete/reducing-drying-shrinkage-in-concrete/5935/
https://www.aboutcivil.org/shrinkage-in-concrete.html
http://www.dailycivil.com/concrete-shrinkage/
https://theconstructor.org/concrete/types-of-shrinkages-in-concrete-prevention/20384/
https://www.ppcimaginarium.co.za/posts/how-prevent-concrete-shrinking-plastic-state
http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/5529
https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj
ys9ihhZbdAhXIuo8KHYL8CawQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiamart.com%2Fproddetail%2Faluminum
-powder-11561557888.html&psig=AOvVaw1Z1eYllIZkaXRv-3VFlSoI&ust=1535761954778844

https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj
I7uW2hZbdAhXIuI8KHTzND78QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-
detail%2FPolyethylene-Sheet-From-UAE-and-Saudi_50018708713.html&psig=AOvVaw3W4OgdiVnttXqA-
BsMtmos&ust=1535761997954385

https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=htt
p%3A%2F%2Fwww.happho.com%2Fbleeding-concrete-causes-effect-ways-
reduce%2F&psig=AOvVaw2pSQZvMFrWCfAX2ic8k-f_&ust=1535762098198509
https://www.mac-alpha-omega.com/polyethylene-sheet-pe-sheet
Prestressed Concrete, A Fundamental Approach, 5th ed, Nawy