Stages

Of
Pre-natal
Development
Stages of Pre-natal Development
Stages of Pre-natal Development
1. Germinal Period
- first 2 weeks after conception
- period includes:
a. creation of zygote
b. continued cell division
c. Attachment of the zygote to the
uterine wall
 Germinal Period
Blastocyst
– inner layer of cells that develops
into embryo
Trophoblast
– outer layer of the cells that later
provides nutrition and support
Stages of Pre-natal Development
2. Embryonic Period
- 2-8 weeks after
conception
- stage/period wherein
zygote becomes embryo
 Embryonic Period
Development:
a. cell differentiation intensifies
b. life support systems for the
embryo develop
c. organs appear
 Embryonic Period
Two layers are formed:
Endoderm
– inner layer of the cell
– develops into the digestive
and respiratory system
 Embryonic Period
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
––middle
outermost layer which
layer which become
becomes the
circulatory, skeletal,sensory
nervous system, muscular, excretory
receptors
and and
skinproductive
parts systems
 Embryonic Period
Organogenesis
- organ formation during
the first two months of
pre-natal development
 Embryonic Period
Support System of the Embryo
Placenta
- consist of a disk-shaped group of
tissues in which small blood vessels
from the mother and the offspring
intertwine but do not join
 Embryonic Period
Support System of the Embryo
Umbilical Cord
- contains two arteries and one
vein that connects the baby to
the placenta
 Embryonic Period
Support System of the Embryo
Amnion
- a bag/envelope that contains a
clear fluid in which the
developing embryo floats
Stages of Pre-natal Development
3. Fetal Period
- 2 – 7 months after
conception
Fetal Period
Fetal Period
- field that investigates the
causes of congenital (birth)
defects
- factor/agent which causes
malformation of an embryo
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Hazard to Pre-natal Development

Prescription and Non-

prescription Drugs

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Hazard to Pre-natal Development

Psycho active Drugs

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Hazard to Pre-natal Development

Environmental Hazards

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Hazard to Pre-natal Development

Other Maternal Factors

Proprietary and confidential information of Alorica

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Hazard to Pre-natal Development

Paternal Factors

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 Causes of Handicaps

1. Prenatal Factors
- factors that affects normal
development before and after
conception virtually lasting up to the
first trimester of the third trimester
of life
 Prenatal Factors
a) Genetic or Chromosomal
Aberrations
b) Prematurity
c) Infection
d) Malnutrition
 Prenatal Factors
e) Irradiation
f) Metabolic Disturbances
g) Drug Abuse
 Causes of Handicaps
2. Perinatal Factors
- factors that cause crippling
conditions during the period
of birth
 Perinatal Factors
a. Birth Injuries
b. Difficult Labor
c. Hemorrhage
 Causes of Handicaps
3. Postnatal Factors
- factors that cause crippling
conditions after birth
 Postnatal Factors
a) Infections
b) Tumor and Abscess in
the Brain
c) Fractures and
Dislocations
 Postnatal Factors
d) Tuberculosis of the
Bones
e) Cerebrovascular
Injuries
 Postnatal Factors
f) Post-seizure or post-
surgical complications
g) Arthritis, Rheumatism
 SENSORY
IMPAIRMENTS
 Sensory Impairment
Blindness is the
Visual Impairment
Inability of the
Person to see anything
 Visual Acuity Problems
Reduced Visual Acuity
Amblyopia
Hyperopia
Visual Acuity Problems

Myopia
Amblyopia
Other Visual Impairments
Albinism
Cataracts
Macular Degeneration
Diabetic Retinopathy
Other Visual Impairments
Glaucoma
 Retinitis Pigmentosa
Retinopathy of
Prematurity
 Causes of Deafness

1.Postnatal
2.
3. Prenatal Causes
Perinatal
 Other Causes
a.Heredity
d. Rh Factor
b. Prematurity
e. Overdosage of
c. Malnutrition
Medicine

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1. How child develop in the womb?
2. What are the factors that affect the
development of the child?
3. What are the stages of pre-natal
development?
4. When the human life begins?
5. What are the complication during pregnancy?
How it is manifested? Site an example.