Audio/Visual Devices

NAME: Raazia Batool

ROLL NO: 21
ASSIGNMENT: Compuer Application
SOUND ON THE PC
Today, sound is an inherent part of the PC.
There are a variety of components
common to virtually all PC sound systems:
a sound card, an amplifier, speakers,
shielding, and drivers and specialized
software.
Sound Card
The sound card, also known as an audio
adapter, is an expansion card that adds the
ability to record and play back sound from
internal or external sources.
The sound card integrates all of the elements
required to capture and reproduce sound.
Amplifier
After digital audio data is converted into an
audible (analog) signal, it must be amplified
before it can be played back on speakers or
headphones.
Nearly all sound cards have an amplifier that
can produce a sound level compatible with a
set of headphones or a set of small PC
speakers.
Speakers
Like all speakers, PC speakers are categorized
into two general groups: passive and active.
 Passive speakers do not include an amplifier;
active speakers do.
Nearly all PC speakers are passive speakers, with
the exception of subwoofers.
Subwoofers are speakers that generate only
very low frequency sounds, like bass tones.
Software
Software for audio devices comes on two
levels: device control and playback
control
 Playback control software is used to
control a PC device much like you would
a stand-alone playback device like a CD
or DVD player.
SOUND CAPTURE AND
PLAYBACK
After you have installed the sound card
into the PC and installed the appropriate
device drivers and playback control
software, you can begin recording or
playing sound files on your PC.
Technically, these actions are called
capture (recording) and playback
(listening).
Capture
A sound card typically is able to
capture audio data from a number of
different audio data sources
s. Exactly which input is used to
capture the audio varies depending
upon the source of the sound data
 ▼ File type: Before you capture your sounds, you should have some
idea of which of the available audio file formats you wish to use.
 ■ File size: Audio files are large, especially if the sound is captured at
a CDquality sample rate and resolution
 ■ Input level: Recording sound at a very quiet level will produce a
very noisy playback at normal volume levels.. On the other hand,
recording sound too loud can result in clipping.
 ■ Sample rate: sample rate refers to the number of samples, or short
bites of the sound, that are taken from the audio in a second.
 ▲ Sample resolution: sample resolution refers to the size of the
samples taken. CD audio is stored at a resolution of 16 bits.
Digital Audio Extraction
Digital audio extraction (DAE) is a method of
capturing sounds from an audio CD using a
completely digital process.
DAE does not require the use of a sound card,
and you can make an exact copy of an audio
CD without the signal loss typical in most digital
to analog conversions.
Sound File Formats
A wide variety of sound (audio) file
formats is used on PC systems. The
type of file used depends on the
hardware and software used to
record and play back the sound.
Streaming Audio
A very common means of transmitting
large audio files over the Internet is
streaming audio
Streaming media trades convenience for
sound quality, especially when there are
many sounds at the same time.
VIDEO AND GRAPHIC FILES

Full-motion video images are rarely recorded

without sound because the result would lack
meaning and context
 Combining video images with sound and
storing them in the same file requires more
sophisticated file formats and compression
algorithms than are required just for audio data
The three more popular video file formats are
AVI, MPEG, and QuickTime (MOV)
Streaming Video

The latest development in multimedia file

formats is streaming technology. Streaming
audio and video files are experienced in near
real-time. Typically, enough of the file is
downloaded so that the playback can begin
while the remainder of the file is still
downloading
This allows the user to see and hear the file
without waiting for the complete file to be
received
Codecs
 .A codec compresses the file using software
known as an encoder and reproduces the
image or sound with a player that performs the
decoding and decompression
A codec uses one of two lossy compression
techniques, temporal (image) or spatial (size)
Digitizers
Digitizers, which are also called
digitizing tablets, drawing tablets,
or just tablets, are drawing tools
that capture the movements of
the operator’s hand.
THANK YOU!