HAZARD COMMUNICATION

OSHA TRAINING
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200

WELCOME
 COURSE OBJECTIVES
 Introduce 29 CFR 1910.1200, The Hazcom Standard
 Discuss Methods and Observations Used to Detect Chemicals
 Discuss the Local Hazcom Written Policy
 Discuss the Physical and Health Hazards of Chemicals
 Discuss Employee Protective Measures
 Discuss Chemical Warning Labels
 Explain the Use of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
 Introduce the Basic Rules for Safe Chemical Use
 REGULATORY STANDARD
HAZARD COMMUNICATION

29CFR - 1910 - 1200

29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY

1200 - HAZCOM STANDARD

 REGULATORY STANDARD
29CFR 1910.1200

 TITLE - HAZARD COMMUNICATION

 MAY 23, 1988 - FINAL RULE TOOK EFFECT

 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

THE EMPLOYER MUST:

 Maintain a Hazcom Training Program.
 Discuss Employee Protective Measures.
 Review the Program on an Annual Basis.
 Discuss Labeling Requirements of Containers.
 Discuss the Use of Material Safety Data Sheets.
 Train All Employees In Contact With Chemicals.
 Discuss Trade Secrets and How to Obtain Needed Information.
RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS

REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:

CHEMICAL
 Close Call Event Involving Chemicals. SAFETY
 Failure in the Hazcom Procedures.
 Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.
GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:

 Provide Hazcom Training to All Required Employees.

 Not Purchase Materials Without an Adequate MSDS.
 Request Suppliers Provide All Ingredients With Identifiable
Chemical Names and Percentage Composition.
 Provide an MSDS Requested by Any Employee.
 Provide Complete Hazard Information to Any Employee.
 Requesting Additional Information Not Listed on an MSDS.
WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:

 Maintain a Written Program.
 Review the Program on an Annual Basis.
 Make the Written Program Available to All Employees During
Each Work Shift.
 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS

COMMONLY USED PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS

 Non-Routine Task - Protective Measures Determination Form:

Used by Supervisors to Assess Jobs That Are Not Performed on

a Routine Basis, but Where the Possibility of Injury to an
Employee Exists.

FORMS
 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS

COMMONLY USED PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS

 Request for Copy of MSDS Form:

Used by Employees to Formally Request a Copy of A Specific

Material Safety Data Sheet.

MSDS
REQUEST
 CHEMICAL INVENTORY LISTING

ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:

 Maintain a Current List of Chemicals, Including Specific Uses.
 Make the List Available to All Employees.
 Make the List Available During Each Work Shift.

CHEMICAL
INVENTORY
 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE MSDS (TYPICAL FORMAT)

SECTION CONTENTS
I Product Identity
II Hazardous Ingredients
III Physical/Chemical Characteristics
IV Fire/Explosion/Physical Hazard Data
V Reactivity Data
VI Health Hazards Data
VII Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
VIII Control Measures/Protection Information
IX Additional Information/Special Precautions
 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

TRADE SECRETS:

Information Withheld From a MSDS Must Be

Provided During an Emergency or at The Request
of a Physician. The User of The Information Must
Agree to Keep The Information Confidential. The
Chemical Manufacturer Must Provide the
Information Immediately Upon Request During
Emergencies.
 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

LOCAL USE MSDS’s:

Let’s Discuss Some of the Material Safety Data

Sheets Currently Used at This Facility.

SITE SPECIFIC
CHEMICALS AND MATERIALS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS:

 Follow Local Job Procedures.

 Review the Relative Material Safety Data Sheet.
 If You Have Questions Consult Your Supervisor.
 LABELING REQUIREMENTS
 All Employers Must Maintain a Labeling Program.
 Review the Program on an Annual Basis.
 Train All Employees Whose Job Brings Them Into
Contact With Chemicals in the Use of Labels.
 All Labels Will Use the Same Name As It Appears On
The MSDS.
 LABELING REQUIREMENTS

 All Chemical Containers Will Be Labeled. Unless The

Container Is a Portable Container in the Control of A Specific
Person for Their Immediate Use.

 No Container That Resembles a Drinking Glass, Cup, Or

Other Type of Container Used for Consumption Will Be Used
For Chemical Storage or Containment.

 The Employer Must Provide Sufficient Labels for Labeling.

 HAZARD RATING SYSTEMS

TWO SYSTEMS

 NFPA - NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

 HMIS - NATIONAL PAINT AND COATINGS ASSOCIATION

- HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
 HAZARD RATING SYSTEMS

FOUR HAZARD PARAMETERS

 HEALTH
 FLAMMABILITY
 REACTIVITY
 SPECIFIC HAZARD (NFPA)
HAZARD RATING SYSTEMS

FIVE HAZARD LEVELS

HMIS NFPA
4 SEVERE 4 EXTREME
3 SERIOUS 3 HIGH
2 MODERATE 2 MODERATE
1 SLIGHT 1 SLIGHT
0 MINIMAL 0 INSIGNIFICANT
 HOMEMADE LABEL
SAMPLE “HOMEMADE” LABEL FOR A SINGLE CHEMICAL (NON-MIXTURE)

CHEMICAL NAME (SEE MSDS) USE OF CHEMICAL

DOT HAZARD CLASS PPE REQUIRED

CHECK ALL THAT APPLY

 FLAMMABLE
 TOXIC
 IRRITANT
 CORROSIVE NAME EMERGENCY PHONE
 WATER REACTIVE ___________ __________________
 OXIDIZER
ADDRESS: ________________________________________________
 HMIS LABEL

FIVE HMIS HAZARD LEVELS

 - 4 SEVERE HEALTH
 - 3 SERIOUS
 - 2 MODERATE FLAMMABILITY
 - 1 SLIGHT
 - 0 MINIMAL
REACTIVITY

PERSONAL PROTECTION
 NFPA LABEL
FIRE HAZARD
FIVE NFPA HAZARD LEVELS

 - 4 EXTREME REACTIVITY
 - 3 HIGH
 - 2 MODERATE 4
 - 1 SLIGHT
 - 0 INSIGNIFICANT 2 1
HEALTH HAZARD W
SPECIFIC HAZARD
(WATER REACTIVE)
 NON-ROUTINE TASKS
 Definition: A Task That Is Required Only on Occasion And Where
Employees Are Not Completely Familiar With All Aspects of the
Job.

 Problem: This Lack of Familiarity Contributes Greatly to a Higher

Probability of Injury.

 Example: The Annual (or Infrequent) Cleaning of Reactor Vessels

in Processes.

 Supervisors Must: Identify Nonroutine Tasks and Assess Their

Degree of Risk to Employees.
 CONTRACTOR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

OUTSIDE CONTRACTORS MUST:

 Inform Representatives of the Facility of The Types of

Chemicals That They Will Be Using And Be Prepared to
Provide MSDSs Upon Request.

FACILITY OR EMPLOYER REPRESENTATIVES MUST:

 Inform the Contractor of Chemicals Used in the Area Where

Contractor Personnel Will Be Work And Be Prepared to
Provide MSDSs Upon Request.
 TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS

 Remember, You Control Your Facility or Area!

 Review Their Procedures With Them Before Starting the Job!
 Determine Their Safety Performance Record!
 Determine Who Is in Charge of Their People!
 Determine How They Will Affect Your Employees!
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EVERYTHING IS TOXIC;
IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE DOSE
How Well the Body Accepts a Substance Depends on:

 The Type of Substance.

 The Amount (Dose) Absorbed.
 The Period of Time Over Which It Is Absorbed.
 The Susceptibility/Sensitivity of the Person Exposed.
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

ROUTES OF ENTRY

 INHALATION
 INGESTION
 ABSORPTION
 INJECTION
 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

ROUTES OF ENTRY

 Inhalation

-- A Dose Absorbed Through the Lungs Into the Bloodstream

 Absorption

-- A Dose That Is Absorbed Through the Skin or Eyes

 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

ROUTES OF ENTRY

 Ingestion

-- A Dose That Is Absorbed Through the Gastro-Intestinal

Tract From Eating, Drinking or Smoking

 Injection

-- A Dose That Is Absorbed Via Broken Glass, Spray Guns,

Needles, Compressed Air, Knives Etc.
 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY

 Local Effect. Damage to Body Parts That Actually Contact The

Harmful Substance (Acid on a Hand).

 Systemic Effect. Damage to an Area of the Body After The Substance

Is Absorbed (Liver Damage).

 Individual Susceptibility. Some People Are Naturally Sensitive or Can

Develop Sensitivity to a Substance.

 Dose. Combination of Concentration and Length of Bodily Exposure

to a Specific Material.
 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY

 Acute Exposure:

Usually Minutes, Hours or Several Days.

 Chronic Exposure:

Regular Exposure Over Months, Years, or a Lifetime.

 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY

Hazardous Material. A Material That Falls Into One or More Of the

Following Categories.

 Ignitability Is Flammable or Combustible.

 Reactivity Can React With Itself or Other Materials.

 Corrosivity Can Deteriorate Another Substance.

 Toxicity In Its Normal State Is Harmful to Living Things.

 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EXPOSURE LIMITS

SOURCES INCLUDE:

 American Conference of Gov. Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA

 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH

 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EXPOSURE LIMITS

 American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists:

 Threshold Limit Values (TLV). (Respiratory)

 Biological Exposure Indices (BEI). (Dermal)
 8 Hour Time Weighted Averages (TWA).
- How Much a Worker Can Be Exposed to in an 8 Hr. Shift.
 Published by ACGIH Annually, Provides Exposure Levels.
 Legally Enforceable.
 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EXPOSURE LIMITS

 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA):

 Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL’s)

 Found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 (The “Z” Tables)
 Establishes OSHA’s Exposure Levels
 Legally Enforceable
 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EXPOSURE LIMITS

 National Institute for Occupational Safety And Health (NIOSH):

 Recommended Exposure Limits (REL’s)

 Used to Develop New OSHA Standards
 Found in: “NIOSH Recommendations for Occupational
Health Standards”
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

AIR CONTAMINANTS

 Gases. Generally Used in a Compressed Form. Can Effect All

Routes of Entry.

 Vapors. Formed by Evaporation of Liquids or Solids. Amount

Usually Depends Upon Exposed Surface Area, Temperature,
and Vapor Pressure Of Substance. Can Be Deadly.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

AIR CONTAMINANTS

 Fumes. Usually Metallic and Formed by Welding, Cutting, or

Brazing Operations. Extremely Hazardous to Inhale.

 Particulates. Composed of Solid or Liquid Particles That

Are Suspended or Dispersed in Air. Such As Dust, Mists, or
Smokes. Can Be Explosive And Hazardous to Breath.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

ACIDS AND BASES

- Ph. The pH of a Liquid Is the Numerical Measure Of Its
Relative Acidity or Alkalinity. The Range Is From 0 - 14 With a
Neutral Level Expressed As A pH of 7.0.

 Above 7.0 The Liquid Is More Alkaline or Basic.

 Below 7.0 The Liquid Is More Acidic.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

ACIDS AND BASES

ACID BASE

Common Acids (pH 0-6) Common Bases (pH 8-14)

 Hydrochloric Acid  Sodium Hydroxide (Lye)

 Hydrofluoric Acid  Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach)
 Nitric Acid  Aqueous Ammonia
 Phosphoric Acid  Potassium Hydroxide (Potash)
 Chromic Acid  Ammonium Hydroxide
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH EACH OTHER!

LOW pH ACID BASE HIGH pH

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH YOU!

ACID BASE
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

 If You’re Not Familiar With the Chemical, Find Out!

 Read the Material Safety Data Sheet!
 Read the Labels on Containers.
 Observe Written Warnings!
 Don’t Eat, Drink, or Smoke Around Chemicals.
 Change Your Cloths! Don’T Take It Home!
 Ensure Work Area Is Ventilated.
 Wear Appropriate Protective Equipment.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

 Wear Appropriate Protective Equipment.

 Clean up Small Spills to Prevent Being Mistaken For Water.
 For Large Spills, Contact Safety Officer.
 Store Acids From Bases to Prevent Reactions.
 Know the Reactions That Can Occur From Other Materials.
 Always Add Acid to Water, Never Water to Acid!
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

CLASSES OF SOLVENTS

ORGANIC (CARBON BEARING) SOLVENTS:

 Organic Solvents Contain Carbon.

 Organic Solvents Include: Acetone, Gasoline, Stoddard
Solvent, and Trichloroethylene.
 Drastic Effects on the Central Nervous System Can Occur If
Proper Ventilation Is Not Used.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CLASSES OF SOLVENTS

AQUEOUS (WATER BEARING) SOLVENTS:

 Aqueous Solvents Contain Water.

 Solutions of Acids, Alkalis Are Classed As Aqueous Solvents.
 Engineering Controls Are Usually Required.
 Respiratory Protection Is Needed Where Vapors Cannot Be
Adequately Controlled With Engineering Controls.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS

INHALATION:

 Most Common Route of Entry.

 Causes Headache, Dizziness, Confusion, And Drowsiness.
 Odor Intensity is Usually Not a Good Determination Of Toxicity.
 Odors - More Could Mean Less, Less Could Mean More.
 Different Solvents Seek Different Target Organs In the Body.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS
INGESTION:

 Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Without Washing Hands First.

 Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Contaminated Consumables.
 Can Cause Severe Irritation of Gastro-Intestinal Tract.
 Easily Penetrates Mucous Membranes to Enter The Blood
Stream.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS
ABSORPTION:

 Prevent Skin Contact, Wear Gloves, Aprons, Etc.

 Can Occur Through Unbroken Skin or Mucous Membranes.
 Any Absorption Generally Will Cause Irritation Of Skin.
 Flush Skin for at Least Fifteen Minutes, Seek Medical Help.
 Never Wash Exposed Skin With Any Solvent.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS

INJECTION:

 Usually Caused by Puncture Wounds.

 Compressed Air Can Also Cause Injection of Solvents.
 Rapid Introduction of Solvents Into Bloodstream.
 May Inject Other Debris in Wound Causing Concern.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

 IF YOU’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE SOLVENT, FIND OUT!

 READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET!
 READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS.
 OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS!
 DON’T EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND SOLVENTS.
 CHANGE YOUR CLOTHS! DON’T TAKE IT HOME!
 ENSURE WORK AREA IS WELL VENTILATED.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (CONTINUED)

 WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.

 USE A BARRIER CREAM, IF YOU’RE SOLVENT SENSITIVE.
 SPILLS MUST BE CONTAINED, IMMEDIATELY!
 FOR LARGE SPILLS, CONTACT SAFETY OFFICER.
 KNOW THE REACTIONS THAT CAN OCCUR.
 NEVER DISCOUNT ANY ROUTE-OF-ENTRY!
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR METALS

INHALATION:

 Most Common Route of Entry.

 Smaller Particulates Are Trapped in Lungs And Absorbed.

INGESTION:

 Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Without Washing Hands First.

 Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Contaminated Consumables.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR METALS

ABSORPTION:

 Can Occur Through Unbroken Skin or Mucous Membranes.

 Absorption Generally Least Hazardous Route Of Entry.

INJECTION:

 Usually Caused by Puncture Wounds Involving Metals.

 Compressed Air Can Also Cause Injection of Metals.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS

METAL PARTICULATES:

 Come From Sand Blasting, Deburring, and Like Operations.

 Metals Can Take the Form of Airborne Dusts.
 Engineering Controls Are Usually Required.
 Respiratory Protection Is Needed Where Dusts Cannot Be
Adequately Controlled With Engineering Controls.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS

FUMES:

 Fumes Are Made up of Very Tiny Solid Metal Particles.

 Particles Are the Condensates of Vaporized Metal.
 Effects on the Human Body Can Be Disastrous If Proper
Ventilation Is Not Used.
 Think of the Different Types of Metals and Bonding Materials
Used Used in a Welding Operation.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS

CADMIUM:

 Highly Toxic, Inhalation Most Common Route of Entry.

 Smaller Particulates Are Trapped in Lungs And Absorbed.
 Dangerous Doses Can Be Asymptomatic for Hours.
 Known Human Carcinogen.
 Target Organs Include, Kidneys, Respiratory System.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS

COPPER AND ZINC:

 Highly Toxic, Inhalation Most Common Route of Entry.

 Can Cause “Metal Fume Fever” Resulting In (Severe Flu-Like
Symptoms).
 Target Organs Include, Kidneys, Respiratory System.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS

NICKEL:

 Can Be Absorbed Through Skin, or Lungs.

 Absorption Generally Least Hazardous Route of Entry.
 Target Organs Include; CNS, Respiratory System.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
METALS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

 IF YOU’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE METAL, FIND OUT!

 READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET!
 READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS.
 OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS!
 DON’T EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND METAL DUSTS.
 CHANGE YOUR CLOTHS! DON’T TAKE IT HOME!
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
METALS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (CONTINUED)

 ENSURE WORK AREA IS VENTILATED.

 WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
 SPILLS OF METALS MUST BE CONTAINED, NOT RAISED!
 FOR LARGE SPILLS, CONTACT SAFETY OFFICER.
 STORE ACIDS FROM BASES TO PREVENT REACTIONS.
 MAGNESIUM IS WATER REACTIVE!
 USE DRY SAND TO EXTINGUISH MAGNESIUM FIRES.
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

TERATOGEN: (Latin - “The Study of Monsters”)

 The Study of Congenital Malformations
 Relatively New Discipline (1941)
 First Correlated German Measles to Birth Defects
 Causes of Congenital Malformations
- Heredity
- Maternal Diseases Like German Measles
- Maternal Viral Infections During Pregnancy
- Maternal Malnutrition
- Physical Injury
- Ionizing Radiation Exposure
- Chemical Exposure
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

TERATOGEN AFFECTS IN LAB ANIMALS:

 Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet
 Chemicals Having Potential Teratogenic Effects
- Quinine
- Boric Acid
- Insecticides
- Pesticides
- Chloroform
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Benzene
- Xylene
- Propylene Glycol
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

TERATOGEN AFFECTS IN HUMANS:

 Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet
 Agents Having Conclusive Teratogenic Effects
- Anesthetic Gases
- Organic Mercury Compounds
- Ionizing Radiation
- German Measles
- Thalidomide
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

MUTAGENIC:
 Potential to Cause Mutation in the Genetic Code
 Can Cause Changes in Chromosomes
 Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet
 Agents Shown to Cause Potential Mutagenic Effects
- Hydrogen Peroxide (a Bleaching Agent)
- Ethyleneimine (an Alkylating Agent)
- Ethylene Oxide (Hospital Sterilant)
- Hydrazine (Used in Rocket Fuel)
- Ionizing Radiation Exposure
- Benzene
 SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

CARCINOGENIC:
 Can Induce a Malignant Tumor in Humans
 Has a Potential to Cause Cancer
 Can Cause or Accelerate Tumors
 Some Confirmed or Suspected Human Carcinogens
- Acrylimide - Beryllium - Nickel Sulfide
- Acrylonitrile - Calcium Chromate - Tetranitromethane
- 4-Aminodiphenyl - Chromium (Vi) - O-Tolidine
- Arsenic - Ethylene Dichloride - Vinyl Bromide
- Benzine - Ethylene Oxide - Xylidine
- Benzidine - Lead Chromate - Zinc Chromates
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

THE FINAL WORD

CONCERNING CHEMICALS

NEVER
DISCOUNT
ANY
ROUTE-OF-ENTRY!