SEWAGE DISPOSAL TABIAR, STEPHEN

CARL C.
SYSTEM BS ME 5A
SEWAGE AND ITS DISPOSAL

Water borne diseases such as

COLLECTION and SAFE
dysentery, typhoid, diarrhea
disposal of human wastes are
and other intestinal disorders
among the most critical
are prevalent in areas with
problems of environmental
poor to no proper Sewage
health
Disposal System
SEWAGE AND ITS
DISPOSAL
• It is known that in wastes which are
deposited in pits resulted in Typhoid
and Dysentery resulting in the
transmission of harmful organisms in
the soil.
• These harmful bacteria are carried
through water flows, flies, rodents,
cockroaches and other vermin
which cause contamination
SEWAGE AND ITS
DISPOSAL
Average Volume of Human
Waste/Excreta per capita:
• 80 grams of feces
• 950 grams of urine
 Solid content becomes a very small
portion which is expressed in
milligrams per liter when diluted with
water at the rate of 30 to 100 gallons
per day to form sewage.
SEWAGE AND ITS
DISPOSAL
• Out of the total sewage solids:
 about 50% is organic which are
subject to rotting
• As decomposition continues, it
becomes odorous and dark in color.
• Whether fresh or stale waste,
harmful organisms are still present
which cause diseases.
 Cesspool

TYPES OF Privy
SEWAGE
DISPOSAL
SYSTEM Septic Tank

Public Sewer Line

CESSPOOL

• A Cesspool is a hole in the ground

curbed with stones, bricks, concrete
hollow blocks or other materials
laid in such a manner as to allow
raw contaminated sewage to leech
into the soil.
CESSPOOL
PRIVY

• The Privy is a concrete sealed vault

with a wooden shelter constructed
for the collection of raw sewage.
PRIVY
SEPTIC TANK

• A Septic Tank is a device or

receptacle used to expedite the
decomposition of the elements
contained in a raw sewage waste.
• Raw sewage waste consists of water
and settleable solid called organic
materials
SEPTIC TANK
PUBLIC SEWER LINE

• A Public Sewer Line is a public

sewage system, operated and
maintained by the government
consisting if a sewage treatment
plant.
• It conveys the raw sewage from
buildings and houses to a disposal
system
PUBLIC
SEWER LINE
 COMBINATIION
PUBLIC SEWER

PUBLIC SEWER THE SANITARY

LINE TYPES SEWER

THE STORM
DRAIN
COMBINATION
PUBLIC SEWER
• It is the oldest type of public sewer
that conveys both storm water and
sanitary wastes.
SANITARY SEWER

• Is a public sewer facility that carries

regular sanitary wastes.
SANITARY
SEWER
SANITARY SEWER TYPES

Intercepting/Trunk
Tributary Sewer
Line Sewer
INTERCEPTING SEWER

Pipes are laid

An Intercepting Sewer is It is made up of concrete
underground to a
a sanitary sewer that pipes that varies in sizes
minimum depth of about
conveys sanitary waste to from 0.60 to 3.00 m in
3 meters depending on
a dispersal plant. diameter.
the profile of the ground.
TRIBUTARY SEWER

It is laid in an open trench

These pipes are made of and is generally a smaller
It is an intercepting sewer It is terminated into the
either vitrified clay or diameter installed not
branch. intercepting sewer.
concrete pipe more than 3 meters below
the street grade
STORM DRAIN

• It is another type of public sewer

line that carries storm water. It
terminates in a natural drain such as
canals, lakes or rivers.
MANHOLE • It is part of the main and storm sewer
• It provides an access for inspection, cleaning and
repair
• Made up of bricks, stone, adobe or concrete at 75 to
150 m per interval
• It has a diameter of 90 to 120 cm
• It has an iron rungs to serve as ladder for maintenance
crew
MANHOLE
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
INTERCEPTING
SEWER
FOR DETERMINATION OF
MATERIALS FOR PUBLIC SEWER
DESIGN
• From the plan of the public sewer line, find the net
distance between manholes to be laid with
concrete pipes.

Net distance = total distance – space area

occupied by manhole

• The net distance found divided by the length of one

pipe at 1 m long regardless of its diameter

• Subtract 3% to 4% from the obtained number of

pipes in order to get the exact number required
EXAMPLE
PROBLEM
TABLE 4-1
SEWAGE INJECTOR

• A Sewage Ejector refers to the pump that will discharge waste in the sump and transfer
it to the house drain installed overhead.
• Sewage Injectors are necessary when public sewer lines are at a depth of 2 to 4 n below
the street level
SEWAGE
INJECTOR
SEPTIC TANK

A Septic Tank is a
It is used to liquefy and
receptacle or vault
precipitate solid waste
used to collect organic
purifying odorous
waste discharged from
materials
the house sewer.
SEPTIC TANK

During storage period of

waste in the septic tank, 60-
During transformation of
70% of suspended solid of the
Parts of solid formed into anaerobic bacteria to liquid
sewage is removed largely by
floating SCUM and gases, a process called
sedimentation to form a semi
DIGESTION occurs
liquid substance called
SLUDGE
SEPTIC TANK

Anaerobic
At the septic tank Sedimentation in
decomposition of
these two processes the upper portion of
the accumulated
occur: tank
sludge at the bottom
DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER FROM
HUMAN WASTE

Aerobic Anaerobic Facultative

bacteria/aerobes – bacteria/anaerobes bacteria- can grow
requires oxygen for – does not require with or without
growth oxygen for growth oxygen
 FOOD SUPPLY
DECOMPOSITION
OF ORGANIC
MATTER FROM TEMPERATURE
HUMAN WASTE

MOISTURE
SEPTIC TANK
GASES PREVALENT IN THE SEPTIC TANK

Carbon Carbon
Methane Gas
Dioxide Monoxide
(CH₄)
(CO₂) (CO)

Sulfur
Hydrogen Hydrogen
Dioxide
(H₂) Sulfide (H₂S)
(SO₂)
 Reinforced concrete

Plastered concrete hollow

SEPTIC TANK block
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS Prefabricated asbestos

Thin metal and plastic

GENERAL
CONDITIONS IN
CONSTRUCTING
A SEPTIC TANK
GENERAL
CONDITIONS IN
CONSTRUCTING
A SEPTIC TANK
GENERAL
CONDITIONS IN
CONSTRUCTING
A SEPTIC TANK
GENERAL
CONDITIONS IN
CONSTRUCTING
A SEPTIC TANK
EXAMPLE • Determine the size of a septic tank to serve 200
PROBLEM persons in a commercial establishment.
EXAMPLE
PROBLEM
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
LOCATION OF SEPTIC TANK

The septic tank may be

located closer to the As much as possible, the Septic tank should be at
building it will serve, septic tank should not be least 15 m away from any
providing a minimum located closer to the source of water supply.
distance of 2.00 m from doors or windows The farther the better.
the outside wall
REQUIREMENTS 1. There should be no contamination of ground
FOR A surface that may enter into spring or wells
SATISFACTORY 2. There should be no contamination of surface water
DISPOSAL OF
3. The surface soil should not be contaminated
HUMAN WASTE
4. Excreta should not be accessible to animals, flies,
cockroaches, vermin and the like
5. There should be no odor and unsightly conditions
6. The methods used should be simple and economical
in terms of construction operation
SAFETY • For repairs and maintenance, septic tank should be
PRECAUTIONS well ventilated since a septic tank lacks free oxygen.
Supply of fresh air is needed
• Manhole cover should be removed days before
maintenance
• Emergency light with properly insulated cord should
be used. Preferably a flashlight with dry cell
THE HOUSE/BUILDING SEWER

Defined as portion of the

horizontal drainage system
which starts from the outer It should be 90 centimeters
face of the building and from outer face of building.
terminate at the main sewer
in the street or septic tank
MAIN SEWER

Houses along the streets

Main sewers are with main sewer line are
financed and maintained required to connect
by the government. their house sewers to
the public sewer line.