SKILLS AND

COMPETENCIES
 FOUR GENERAL
MANAGEMENT SKILLS

A.CONCEPTUAL SKILLS
B.INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
C.TECHNICAL SKILLS
D.POLITICAL SKILLS
1. CONCEPTUAL SKILLS
-Managers ability to analyze and
diagnose complex situations.

2. INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
- a managers ability to work with,
understand, mentor, and motivate others
both individually and in groups.
3. TECHNICAL SKILLS
- Job- specific knowledge and
techniques needed to perform a work task.

4. POLITICAL SKILLS
- a managers ability to build a power
base and establish the right connections.
LEVEL IN THE ORGANIZATION

all managers regardless of level, make decisions

They PLAN, ORGANIZE, LEAD and
CONTROL
But the amount of time they spend on each
activity is not necessarily constant,
In addition, “What” they plan, organize, lead and
control changes with the managers level.
*PROFIT VERSUS NON-PROFIT*

 Profit-the “Bottom line”

- is an ambiguous measure of a
business organization effectiveness.
Not-for-profit organization:

Don’t have such a universal measure,

which makes performance
measurement more difficult.

“Making a profit” for the “Owners” is

not the primary focus.
 SIZE OF AN
ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATION SMALL BUSINESS
• - Can be classified as • is an independent
a small business business having
using such criteria as fewer than 500
number of employees.
employees, annual
sales, or total assets.
 • Express Ideas or
ASSERTION feelings directly

• “I have put my
every effort to
EXAMPLE complete this
task today”
Types Of
Assertion
Expressing Simple and
opinions and straightforward
beliefs
statement

1. Basic
Assertion
 EXAMPLES:
“ I wish I could have expressed this
idea earlier because now, someone
else has taken the credit”

“Excuse me, first I want to finish

my work then shall go with you”
 2. Emphatic Conveys
Assertion sympathy to
someone and it
has two parts:
1. Encompasses 2. Follows a
the recognition of
the feelings or the statement that shows
situations of the Support for other
other person. person’s rights
3. Escalating Assertion

Occurs when someone is not able to

give response in basic assertion of a
person

Example: “If you do not finish this work

at 6:00 tonight, I would better take the
services of another worker.
 Involves “I”
Language

Useful for
4. Language expressing negative
Assertion feelings

Lays emphasis on a
person’s feelings of
anger
Very important
feature in Components
analysing an of Assertion:
Assertion is to • Claim
break into • Counterclaim
components:
 Claim

- Central argument of a text

- Also called Thesis

A proposition, or– if there is only
one simply “ THE ARGUMENT”
 Helps to prove
Signal words: that “yes”, your
opinion is the
However, but, on supported one
the other hand,
yet, in contrast, Provide an
otherwise, opposing
notwithstanding, viewpoint to
nevertheless, on central claim
the contrary
Counterclaim
1. what is the central argument of the text?
a. claim b. fact c. opinion

2. Which stylistic approach or technique

regarding a belief or fact?

a. Claim b. assertion c. expression d.

opinion
3. What is the purpose of assertion?

a. Present A Fact
B. Express Ideas Directly
C. Gather Data
D. Refute A Proposition
4. What does counterclaim serves?

a. offer solution to problems

b. concur with the ideas of experts
c. discuss an issue
d. provide an opposing viewpoint
5. Why are both the claim and the
counterclaim essential in critical reading?

a. Reading involves argumentation

b. Both help determine textual evidence.
c. Readers use them in decision making
d. Classroom interactions needs both