ELECTRICITY

- A form of energy resulting from the

existence of charged particles (such as electrons
or protons), either statically as an accumulation
of charge or dynamically as a current.

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 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
An atom is the
smallest particle of an
element that retains the
characteristics of that
element. All matter is made
of atoms; and all atoms
consist of electrons,
protons, and neutrons. A
basic understanding of the
fundamental concepts of
current and voltage
requires a degree of
familiarity with the atom
The Bohr model of an atom
and its structure.
 The orbiting electron carries a negative charge
equal in magnitude to the positive charge of the proton.
In general, the atomic structure of any stable atom has an
equal number of electrons and protons.
 Copper is the most commonly used metal in the
electrical/electronics industry.
 If this 29th electron gains
sufficient energy from the surrounding
medium to leave the parent atom, it is
called a free electron. In 1 cubic inch of
copper at room temperature, there are
approximately 1.4 x1024 free electrons.
Expanded, that is
1,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
free electrons in a 1 in. square cube.
ELECTRIC CHARGE

As you know, an electron is the smallest

particle that exhibits negative electrical charge. The
charge of an electron and that of a proton are equal in
magnitude. Electrical charge is an electrical property
of matter that exists because of an excess or
deficiency of electrons. When an excess of electrons
exists in a material, there is a net negative electrical
charge. When a deficiency of electrons exists, there is
a net positive electrical charge. Charge is symbolized
by the letter Q. Static electricity is the presence of a
net positive or negative charge in a material.
STATIC ELECTRICITY

When you rub a balloon on your pullover, you

create static electricity that makes it stick. The rubbing
shifts electrons from your pullover (which becomes
positively charged) to the latex rubber in the balloon (which
becomes negatively charged). The opposite charges make
the two things stick.
LIGHTNING

Heavier, negatively charged particles sink to the

bottom of the cloud. When the positive and negative
charges grow large enough, a giant spark - lightning - occurs
between the two charges within the cloud. This is like a
static electricity sparks you see, but much bigger.
LIGHTNING
LIGHTNING
LIGHTNING
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
Attraction and repulsion of electrical charges
COULOMB’S LAW