Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
CULTURE AND
PSYCHOLOGY
OBJECTIVES
Example:
ETHICS
• Benevolence (Ren)
• Righteousness (Yi)
• Propriety (Li)
• Wisdom (Zhi)
(君子) Gentleman
• Filial Piety (Xiao)
• Loyalty (Zhong)
• Brotherly Love (Ti)
• Trustworthiness (Xin)
ASIAN PHILOSOPHY:
CONFUCIANISM
WORLD VIEW
Three worlds:
1. Ideal this-world is just and peaceful
2. Ideal other-world residence of celestial being (hsien)
3. Between this-world and other-world realm of demons and
ghost
ASIAN PHILOSOPHY:
DAOISM
TENETS
Wu Wei attitude indicates not engaging in any activity that is contrary to the
laws of nature (in accordance to intrinsic principles).
Yin Yang believes that objects always exist in pairs in nature. Yin is associated
with darkness, softness, and passivity, whereas yang has the properties of
brightness, hardness, and activity. The taijitu symbolized the yin yang which
represents equilibrium in human relationship with nature.
Wu Xin five elements in nature (metal, wood, water, fire, and earth) that
interact with one another either thru inhibition or enhancement.
San Bo are three virtues: compassion and kindness; restraint, economy, or
moderation; and not daring to be first
Immortality is self-cultivation defying aging and death by practicing internal
alchemy (meditation, visceral gymnastics, sex, diet, and breathing exercise)
and external alchemy (splagirism, pills of immortality).
PANTHEON
As a religion, Daoism is
polytheistic with deities and
hsien arranged in hierarchical
order with the Jade Emperor as
the head.
CANON (DAO ZANG)
Dao De Jing had teachings of
Lao Tzu and the Classics of
Nanhua which contained
writings of Chuang Zi.
HUMANISM AND
INFLUENCE
Daoist humanism assumes a
water personality, which
governs Chinese mental life.
ASIAN PHILOSOPHY:
DAOISM
WORLDWIDE
There has been an increased call to a simpler and ecology-minded
lifestyle in response to natural disasters. Wu Wei played a role in
the robust economy of China. It also played a role with existential,
cognitive, and rationale approaches.
ASIAN PHILOSOPHY:
BUDDHISM
Three schools of Buddhism:
1. Theravada (Hinayana or Southern Buddhism)
2. Tibetan (Northern Buddhism)
3. Mahayana (Eastern Buddhism)
Two sects: The Pure Land Sect (Ching Tu Tsung) and Zen Buddhism (Chan)
ASIAN PHILOSOPHY:
BUDDHISM
CENTRAL TENETS
Maya is determined by the extent of attachment to physical world
Karma is a product of our thoughts, feelings, and cognition
The Wheel of Karma (Samsara) vicious cycle of rebirths and their fates
Six Paths of Transmigration (i.e., beings in hell, hungry ghost, animals, the asura,
humans, and the deva)
Four Noble Truths (1) The unenlightened life is one of suffering brought on by
birth, aging, sickness, death, unpleasant senses; (2) Originates from greed,
ignorance, and craving; (3) Freedom is attainable with cessation of greed,
ignorance, and craving; (4) Follow the Noble Eightfold Path (right speech, right
action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration, right
thoughts, and right understanding)
ASIAN PHILOSOPHY:
BUDDHISM
BUDDHIST PANTHEON
Buddha is the top pantheon; state of the awakened one whereby they
become enlightened through their efforts, reflections, and insights.
Bodhisattvas compassionate who exist for enlightenment of sentient
beings
Dieties sacred beings with supernatural powers
Sangha are all followers of Buddha, both lay people and ordained
ASIAN PHILOSOPHY:
BUDDHISM
BUDDHIST CANON
The Sutras teachings and sermons of Buddha Shakyamuni
which aim toward enlightenment
The Abhidharma philosophical discourse and interpretation
of Buddhism doctrines
The Vinaya rues and regulations of monastic life
ASIAN
PHILOSOPHY:
BUDDHISM
INFLUENCE
Buddhism, particularly the
Zen, plays a role in
psychotherapy such as
mindfulness practice.
WORLDVIEW
The soul is the essence of human life, and
associated with the soul with the breath or atman,
which is deemed to enliven the body. The body is
ASIAN ephemeral, whereas the soul is eternal.
The Verdic creation story categorizes human
PHILOSOPHY beings into four classes:
: Brahmin: scholars, priest, and teachers
Ksatriya: warriors and administrators
HINDUISM Vaishya: artisans, farmers, and merchants
Shudra: people of the clant
*Dalit: untouchables
ASIAN PHILOSOPHY:
HINDUISM
DHARMA AND RELATED TENETS
Dharma differentiates the good and bad karma; a literature
known as Dharma-Sastras
The ultimate goal is liberation from cycles of rebirths or
samsara through action, wisdom, and devotion.
GENDER AND
SEXUALITY
SEX VS
GENDER
SEX
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
1 2 3
Heterosexual Homosexual Bisexual Orientation
Orientations Orientation
REMEMBER:
Sexual activity ≠
Sexual Orientation
WHERE DOES SEXUAL ORIENTATION COME FROM?
Genetic factors
Exposure to androgens
Size of right hemisphere
Blood flow pattern
WHAT DO YOU SEE?
GENDER
PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
1. Topographic Model:
consciousness preconsciousness,
and unconsciousness
2. Structural Model: id, ego,
superego
3. Developmental Model: oral,
anal, phallic, latency
NEO-PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
1. Striving for Success or Superiority
2. Parenting Style
3. Birth Order
BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE
1. Classical Conditioning in Preferences, Biases, and
Personality
2. Operant Conditioning and Personality Development
SOCIAL LEARNING PERSPECTIVE
1. Social Reinforcement
2. Vicarious Reinforcement
3. Self-reinforcement
4. Observational learning
ASIAN PERSPECTIVE
Benevolence Non-benevolence
Righteousness Iniquitousness
Observance of Rites Imprudence
Wisdom Fraudulence
JAPANESE
PERSPECTIVE
The Japanese Self
1. Taken for granted
2. Inability to control
3. Conscious choice