Purpose of Presentation

The effectiveness of any group depends upon

members’ communication.
The purpose of this presentation is to help you
understand how groups function and how you can
communicate most effectively in them.
You will also come to know an effective process for
group problem solving after this presentation.
 Sequence of Presentation
The sequence of presentation will be as follows:
• Characteristics of a healthy group
• Stages of group development
• The problem solving process
 Group
A collection of three or more people who interact
and attempt to influence each other in order to
accomplish a common purpose.
 Group Communication
All the verbal and nonverbal messages shared
with or among members of the group.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
HEALTHY GROUP
A healthy group is characterized by:
• Ethical goals
• Interdependence
• Cohesiveness
• Productive norms
• Accountability
• Synergy
 Ethical Goals
• Goal itself
• Path/Course
• In interest of each member
• According to law and customs
 Interdependence
• Members rely on each other’s skills
• Tasks are divided
• Burden is shared
• Leads to effectiveness
 Cohesiveness
In a cohesive group, members:
• Like and respect each other
• Work cooperatively
 How to develop Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness in a group is developed, when:
• Members are attracted to its purpose
• Membership in group is voluntary
• Honest opinions are appreciated
• Members provide positive feedback to each
other
• Accomplishments are celebrated
 Productive Norms
Norms :
• Help to achieve goals
• Foster cohesiveness
 Productive Norms
Some common group norms are:
• Sticking to the agenda
• Refraining from interrupting others
• Making brief comments
• Expecting everyone to participate
• Focusing on issues rather than personalities
• Sharing decision making
 Accountability
• Sanctions
• Changing counterproductive norms
 Synergy
• Two heads are better than one
• Collective intelligence
• Dynamic energy
STAGES OF GROUP
DEVELOPMENT
Following are the stages of group development
proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965:
• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Performing
• Adjourning
 Forming
Following things are observed in Forming:
• Defining the goal
• How they will reach the goal?
• Use their relevant skills
• Team work
 Storming
Characteristics of the Storming stage:
• Group members want their ideas to be accepted
• Competition
• Conflict between group members
• A BIG CHALLENGE FOR THE LEADER
 Norming
Characteristics of the Norming Stage:
• Increased cohesion
• Collaboration
• Emerging trust among members
• Motivation to achieve the group goal
 Performing
Characteristics of the performing stage:
• Leadership
• Skills
• Knowledge
• Ability
 Adjourning
Characteristics of the Adjourning Stage
• Party/Celebration
• Learning
• Good byes
• New goal
THE PROBLEM SOLVING
PROCESS
Two approaches:
• Systematic Pattern
• Spiral Pattern
 Systematic Pattern
Follow these steps to systematically solve a
problem:
• Identify and define the problem
• Analyze the problem
• Determine criteria for judging solutions
• Identify alternative solutions
• Evaluate solutions and decide
• Implement the agreed-upon solution
 Identify and define the
problem
• Problem definition
• Question of fact
• Question of value
• Question of policy
 Analyze the problem
Important things to consider during analysis:
• Symptoms of problem
• Causes of problem
• Components of problem
• Consequences of analysis
 Determine criteria for judging
solutions
• Quantitative and qualitative measures
• Resource constraints
• Unacceptable risks
• Ease of implementation
 Identify alternative solutions
• Brainstorming
 Evaluate solutions and decide
• The expert opinion method
• The average group opinion method
• The majority rule method
• The unanimous decision method
• The consensus method
 Implement the agreed-upon
solution
Important things to consider while implementing a
solution:
• Tasks required for implementation
• Reasonable time frame for implementation
 Bibliography
• Communicate! BY Rudolph F. Verderber,
Deanna D. Sellnow Kathleen S. Verderber
• https://www.wikipedia.org/
• https://www.dreamstime.com/
• https://www.depositphotos.com/