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Page 1 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this section, you will be able to:
Describe the fields and characteristics contained within IP.
Page 2 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Next Header Processing
IP 0x0800
The next set of instructions for processing are referenced in the type field
of the frame header.
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IP Packet Header
20-60 Bytes
IP Data
0 16 31
Header DS Field Total Length
Version
Length
Destination IP Address
IP Options
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IP Addressing
Network Host
192.168.1 .1
11000000.10101000.00000001 .00000001
Network Address
192.168.1 .0
11000000.10101000.00000001 .00000000
Broadcast Address
192.168.1 .255
11000000.10101000.00000001 11111111
The upper and lower most host address values are reserved.
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Decimal, Binary and Hexadecimal
Binary 0—1 2
Decimal 0—9 10
Hexadecimal 0—F 16
Bit Order 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Binary
Power 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Binary 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 00000000 00 9 00001001 09
1 00000001 01 10 00001010 0A
2 00000010 02 11 00001011 0B
3 00000011 03 12 00001100 0C
4 00000100 04 13 00001101 0D
5 00000101 05 14 00001110 0E
6 00000110 06 15 00001111 0F
7 00000111 07 … … …
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Binary Conversion
Network Host
7 6 7 5 3 0 0
2 +2 2 +2 +2 2 2
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IP Address Classes
1.0.0.0~126.255.255.255
128.1.0.0~191.254.255.255
192.0.1.0~223.255.254.255
Class C
110 Network (24bit) Host (8bit)
224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255
Class D 1110 Multicast
240.0.0.0~255.255.255.254
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IP Address Types
Special Addresses
Diagnostic 127.0.0.0 ~ 127.255.255.255
Any Network 0.0.0.0
Network Broadcast 255.255.255.255
The IP network address range has been divided, and certain addresses and
ranges assigned special functions in the network.
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IP Communication
Host A Host B
192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1
192.168.1.2 192.168.2.2
Host C Host D
Network Host
192 168 1 0
192 168 2 0
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Subnet Mask
Network Host
192.168.1 0
11000000.10101000.000000001 00000000
Subnet
255.255.255 0
11111111.11111111.11111111 00000000
Subnet masks distinguish between the binary values that represent each
(sub)network and those that represent each host.
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Default Subnet Mask
Class A 255 0 0 0
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Address Planning
IP Address 192 168 1 7
Network Address
(Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000
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Case Scenario
IP Address 172 16 1 7
Network Address ? ? ? ?
n
Host Addresses: 2 ?
n
Valid Hosts: 2 - 2 ?
Determine the network for the given IP address, and the number of actual,
and valid host addresses in the network.
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Addressing Limitations
192.168.2.0/24
192.168.1.0/24 20 Hosts
30 Hosts 192.168.3.0/24
10 Hosts
Network design using the default subnet mask results in address wastage.
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VLSM Calculation
IP Address 192 168 1 7
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VLSM Case Scenario
20 Hosts
30 Hosts
10 Hosts
Using only the network 192.168.1.0/24, implement VLSM for the given
number of hosts in each network segment.
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Classless Inter-Domain Routing
10.24.0.0/24
10.24.1.0/24
Announce route
10.24.0.0/22
10.24.2.0/24
10.24.3.0/24
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IP Gateways
Host A L3 Host B
L2 L2
Host A Host B
L3 L3
192.168.1.1 L2 192.168.2.1
Host A Host B
L3
L2 L2
Source IP Address
Destination IP Address
IP Options
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Time To Live
Host A Host B
Source IP Address
Destination IP Address
IP Options
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Protocol Field
IP Data
0x06/0x11 TCP/UDP
0x01 ICMP
Source IP Address
Destination IP Address
IP Options
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Summary
What is the IP subnet mask used for?
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Thank You
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