Etymology:

Sociology- “socius” ( group; associate; partner)

“logos” (study)
Psychology- “psyche” (mind/soul)
“logos” (study)
Anthropology- “anthropos” (man)
“logos” (study)
Philosophy- “philia” (love)
“sophia” (wisdom)
Sociology
 Sociology- scientific study of human society
(Hunt, 1994).

 Society- is composed of interacting individuals

and interacting groups sharing a common culture
(Perucci and Knudsen, 1983; p.9).

 - is composed of interacting individuals

occupying a definite territory, having a common
culture and goal.


Branches of Sociology
1. Social psychology- It deals with the study of human nature as an
outcome of group life, social attitudes, collective behavior, and
personality formation.

2. Social organization- It deals with the study of various social

institutions, social groups, social stratification, social mobility,
bureaucracy, and other similar topics.

3. Social change/Social disorganization- It deals with the study of the

change in culture and social relations and the disruption that may
occur in society. It includes the study of current social problems in
society.
SocialStratification- Division of
people according to such attributes as
wealth, power, and prestige.

Bureaucracy- a hierarchical
organization designed to coordinate the
functions of the government in a
formal and systematic way.
 2 Types of Migration
 Immigration-movement of people from one country to
another

 Emigration-movement of people from one place to

another within a country.
 4. Population or demography- It is concerned with the
study of population number, composition, change, and
quality as they influence the economic, political, and
social system.

 5. Sociological theory and method- It includes

theory building and testing the applicability of
the principles of group life as the basis of
prediction and control of man’s social
environment.
Psychology

 -Psychology is defined as the scientific

study of behavior and mental processes
(Santrock, 2000).

 Behaviors are overt and covert

 Behavior-
It is defined as everything we do that can be
directly observed.

 Mental Processes-
These are thoughts, feelings, and motives that
each of us experiences privately but that
cannot be directly observed.
Table Specialty Areas In Psychology
SPECIALTY AREA TOPICS OF INTEREST

Experimental psychology Conducts research on sensation, perception, learning,

motivation, and emotion.

Developmental psychology Researches how we develop cognitively, socially, and

emotionally over the life span.

Biopsychology Researches the biological processes that underlie behavior,

including genetics and heredity, chemicals in the brain, and
hormones in the body.

Personality psychology Researches how people differ in their individual traits, how
people develop personality, whether personality traits can be
changed, and how these qualities can be measured.
 SPECIALTY AREA TOPICS OF INTEREST
Social Psychology Researches how our beliefs, feelings, and behaviors are influenced
by others, whether in classroom, on an elevator, on the beach, on
a jury, or at a football game

Cognitive psychology Studies mental processes such as decision making, problem

solving, language, and memory.

Industrial/Organizational Examines the relationship between people and their work

psychology environments. May study issues such as increasing job satisfaction
or decreasing employee absenteeism, or focus on understanding
the dynamics of workplace behavior, such as leadership styles or
gender differences in management styles.

Human factors psychology Researches human capabilities as they apply to the design,
operation, and maintenance of machines, systems, and
environments to achieve optimal performance.
 SPECIALTY AREA TOPICS OF INTEREST

Forensic psychology Works with mental health issues within the context of the legal
system. May study a certain type of criminal behavior such as
rape or murder, or maybe asked to determine a person’s
competence to stand trial.

Cross-cultural psychology Investigates cultural similarities and differences in psychological

traits and behaviors.

Health psychology Researches ways to promote health and prevent illness. May be
concerned with issues such as diet and nutrition, exercise, and
lifestyle choices that influence health.

Educational psychology Researches how people learn and how variables in an educational
environment influence learning. May develop materials and
strategies to enhance learning.
 SPECIALTY AREA TOPICS OF INTEREST
Clinical psychology Researches, assesses, and treats children, adolescents,
and adults who are experiencing difficulty in functioning
or who have a serious mental health disorder such as
schizophrenia.

Counseling psychology Researches, assesses, and treats children, adolescents,

and adults who are experiencing difficulties.

School psychology Assesses students’ psychoeducational abilities and shares

test results with teachers and parents to help them make
decisions regarding the best educational placement for
students.

Sports psychology Investigates the mental and emotional aspects of

physical performance.
Anthropology
Definition

Derived from the Greek word

“anthrope” which means
man and “logy” which means
science, Or simply the “Study
of Mankind”.
A science that deals with the origins,
physical and cultural development, social
characteristics, social customs and beliefs of
mankind.

Culture- “…that complex whole which

includes knowledge beliefs, laws, morals,
arts, and customs, and any other capabilities
and habits acquired by man as a member of
society (E. B. Tylor).
SUBDIVISIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1. Physical or Biological Anthropology
 Studies man’s origin and development from simple
into a more complex individual within his cultural
environment.
 Concerned with the knowledge of the biological
characteristics of humans
 Study of fossils, artifacts and ancient excavations to
explain the present
 (physiology, anatomy, biology and zoology)
 2.
Cultural Anthropology- It deals with the evolution and
development of culture per se.

 3. I. The Self
Archaeology- and Person in
It constructs Contemporary
the cultural events of the past
Anthropology.
since the development of culture through material remains
1. Who are you?
such as fossils and artifacts.
2. What makes you?

3. What is your place in this world?

 4.Linguistics- It refers to the systematic study of recorded
and unrecorded languages all over the world. It also deals
with the relationship of language and culture.
I. The Self and Person in Contemporary
Anthropology.

II. The Self embedded in Culture.

III. Interrelation between self and culture, Why do

people differ in their beliefs?
Philosophy- the study of the nature of
knowledge, reality, and existence

 1.Ethics-studies human value and how humans

should act
 2.Epistemology-deals with the concept of
knowledge; what we learn and how we can
know.
 3. Aesthetics-dealswith the concept of beauty
and the philosophy of art
 4. Metaphysics-fundamental questions of reality
 5.Logic-studies the rules of valid reasoning and
argumentation
I. TI. The Self and Person in Contemporary Anthropology.

1. Who are you?

2. What makes you?

3. What is your place in this world?

William James

 For James, the "I" part of self was the

thinking self, which could not be
further divided. He linked this part of the
self to the soul of a person, or what is now
thought of as the mind.