SYNOPSIS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

WORK
ON
VTU, Belagavi

AUTOMATED DIABITIC RETINOPATHY USING MACHINE LEARNING

Submitted by
Varshini S (1AP16IS038)
Supreetha V (1AP16IS035)
Supraja N S(1AP16IS034)
Harshitha A (1AP16IS012)

Under the Guidance of

Name : Nandeeshwar
Designation :

Department of Information Science & Engineering

A P S College of Engineering
Somanahalli, Kanakapura Road, Bangalore - 560082
Introduction:

 Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes

associated with retinal vascular damage caused by long-standing diabetes
mellitus. According to the research, DR has become one of the important
causes of blindness and vision impairment worldwide, since 0.4 million cases
of blindness and 2.6 million cases of severe vision impairment globally can
be attributed to it in 2015.

 In fact, the impairment of DR to vision can be controlled or averted if it

is detected and treated in time. However, many patients miss the best time for
treatment since there are few signs or symptoms at the early stage of DR.
Fundus photographs:

Typical fundus photographs. (a) Photograph of healthy fundus,

showing the normal optic disk, venules and macula. (b)
Photograph of fundus with severe DR, in which three common
lesions (hemorrhages, microaneurysms and hard exudates) are
pointed out.
Literature Survey:
 Many conventional methods, Machine Learning techniques and few Deep
learning approaches have been attempted for diabetic retinopathy.

 Argade et al. proposed Image Processing and Data Mining Techniques

for automatic detection of Diabetic Retinopathy.
 Labhade et al. applied soft computing techniques for Diabetic
Retinopathy Detection in which they used different classifiers like SVM,
Random Forests, Gradient boost, AdaBoost, Gaussian Naive Bayes
 Doshi et al. proposed a Deep Learning Approach involving a Deep
Convolutional Neural Network with a specific Network Architecture
obtaining a Quadratic Kappa Score of 0.3996
Problem Statement:

 Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of blindness worldwide.

But it is hard to detect in early stages and the diagnostic procedure can be

time-consuming even for experienced experts.

Existing System:
 Nonetheless, there are some researches that report the development of
automated systems for detecting DR by classifying DR into general detection
categories, such as normal (no apparent retinopathy) or abnormal (retinopathy
presence). Also, there are other classification systems that provide more
details about the retinopathy stages, which include normal, non-proliferative
diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

 The Existing system uses colour fundus images, where the features are
extracted from the raw image with image processing techniques and fed to a
Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification. The system has been later
enhanced by using two types of classifiers, a Probabilistic Neural Network
(PNN) and a Support Vector Machine(SVM).
Proposed System:

 Different from previous works, the proposed model accepts binocular fundus
images as inputs and learns their correlation to help making prediction. For a
Machine learning model, the most important parts that should be focused on are
data set, network architecture and training method. Before being used to train
our model, fundus images data set obtained from public resources is
preprocessed and augmented. We proposed a system to detect referable DR by
using a SVM and RF.
Flow Diagram:
 Methodology

 Random forests or Random decision forests an ensemble learning method

for classification, regression and other tasks that operates by constructing a
multitude of decision trees at training time and outputting the class that is
the mode of the classes or mean prediction of the individual trees.

 Step 1 − First, start with the selection of random samples from a given
dataset.

 Step 2 − Next, this algorithm will construct a decision tree for every
sample. Then it will get the prediction result from every decision tree.

 Step 3 − In this step, voting will be performed for every predicted result.

Support Vector Machines SVMs, also support vector networks are

supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze
data used for classification and regression analysis.
Conclusions and References :

Diabitic Retinopathy is a active research area ,a reliable automated detection is

a desirable goal for researchers world wide . Hence our project we are using
Random Forest as well as SVM algorithms for getting good accuracy.

• R. Maher, S. Kayte, D. M. Dhopeshwarkar, "Review of automated detection for diabetes

retinopathy using fundus images", International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1129-1136, 2015.

• D. J. Browning, Diabetic retinopathy: evidence-based management, Springer Science &

Business Media, 2010.

• R. S. Maher, S. N. Kayte, S. T. Meldhe, M. Dhopeshwarkar, "Automated diagnosis non-

proliferative diabetic retinopathy in fundus images using support vector
machine", International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 125, no. 15, pp. 7-10,
2015.
Thank You