SEAMANSHIP II

Stress tables and stress

calculating equipment
 LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the topic, the cadets should be able to:

● Demonstrate knowledge about stress tables and stress

calculating equipment
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
 Stress tables and stress calculating equipment

Requirements for Loading Conditions, Loading Manuals

and Loading Instruments

IACS considers that this Requirement satisfies Regulation 10(1)

of the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966.
S1.1 General
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S1.1.1 Application

These requirements apply to all classed sea-going ships of

65m in length and above which are contracted for construction
on or after 1st July 1998, and contain minimum requirements
for loading guidance information.
For CSR Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers, these requirements
apply in addition to those of the Common Structural Rules.
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S1.1.2 Definitions

Loading Manual:
A Loading Manual is a document which describes:
- the loading conditions on which the design of the ship has
been based, including permissible limits of still water bending
moment and shear force
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- the results of the calculations of still water bending moments,

shear forces and where applicable, limitations due to torsional
and lateral loads
- the allowable local loading for the structure (hatch covers,
decks, double bottom, etc.)
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2.4 Operation Manual

2.4.1 A uniquely identified ship specific operation manual

should be submitted to the Society for review.
2.4.2 The operation manual should be written in a concise and
unambiguous manner.
The use of illustrations and flowcharts is recommended.
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2.4.3 The operation manual should contain;

1. A general description of the program denoting identification

of the program and its version number stated.
2. Where applicable, a copy of the Certificate of Approval, or
equivalent, signifying approval of the calculation program;
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3. Details of the hardware specification needed to run the

loading program;
4. A description of error messages and warnings likely to be
encountered and unambiguous instructions for subsequent
actions to be taken by the user in each case;
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5. Light shipweight and co-ordinates of its centre of gravity;

6. Full deadweight description of each test condition;
7. A list of the permissible still water shear forces and still
water bending moments assigned by the Society in addition to
the permissible cargo torque, where applicable;
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8. Where applicable, the shear force correction factors;

9. Where applicable, local permissible limits for single and two
adjacent hold loading as a function of the appropriate draught
and the maximum weight for each hold.
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10. An example of a calculation procedure supported by

illustrations and sample computer output;
11. Example computer output of each screen display, complete
with explanatory text.
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Figure shows a typical hydrostatic table.

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Trim and stability booklet for cargo ships - how to use

them

Commercial ships usually have a trim and stability booklet

which may contain either curves of form or hydrostatic tables
and stability and trim characteristics for various conditions of
loading. A typical trim and stability booklet will contain the
following data:
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i) Vessel characteristics, including principal dimensions, tonnage,

location of draft marks, builder, official and registry numbers, etc.
ii) Instructions for use of the nomograms, curves, and other data
in the booklet to calculate stability and trim of the vessel for given
loading conditions.
iii) General operating instructions and precautions.
iv) Tabulated tank and hold capacities.
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v) Hydrostatic properties (KM, LCB, LCF, etc.) tabulated or

plotted as a function of mean draft.
vi) Metacentric Height (GM) diagram, showing GM for
tabulated conditions of loading and minimum required GM for
vessel service.
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vii) Trim diagram to calculate vessel trim when weights are

added at locations other than the vessel center of gravity.
viii) Weight distribution and stability information for various
conditions of loading.
ix) Liquid loading diagram, showing the location, capacity, and
effect on list and trim of the ship’s tanks.
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STRESS TABLES AND STRESS CALCULATING EQUIPMENT

Functional requirements:

1. deadweight data

2. lightship data

3. trim

4. draft at the draft marks and perpendiculars

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4. summary of loading condition displacement, VCG, LCG and, if

applicable, TCG

5. downflooding angle and corresponding downflooding opening

6. compliance with stability criteria: Listing of all calculated

stability criteria, the limit values, the obtained values and the
conclusions (criteria fulfilled or not fulfilled)
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Loading Instrument
A loading instrument is an instrument, which is either analogue
or digital, by means of which it can be easily and quickly
ascertained that, at specified read-out points, the still water
bending moments, shear forces, and the still water torsional
moments and lateral loads, where applicable, in any load or
ballast condition will not exceed the specified permissible values.
An operational manual is always to be provided for the loading
instrument. Single point loading instruments are not acceptable.
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Category I Ships

• Ships with large deck openings where combined stresses due

to vertical and horizontal hull girder bending and torsional and
lateral loads have to be considered;
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• Ships liable to carry non-homogeneous loadings, where the

cargo and/or ballast may be unevenly distributed. Ships less than
120 metres in length, when their design takes into account
uneven distribution of cargo or ballast, belong to
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Category II;

• Chemical tankers and gas carriers.

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Category II Ships

• Ships with arrangement giving small possibilities for variation

in the distribution of cargo and ballast, and ships on regular
and fixed trading pattern where the Loading Manual gives
sufficient guidance, and in addition the exception given under
Category I.